1 /**
 2  * code generated by JHelper
 3  * More info: https://github.com/AlexeyDmitriev/JHelper
 4  * @author xyiyy @https://github.com/xyiyy
 5  */
 6 
 7 #include <iostream>
 8 #include <fstream>
 9 
10 //#####################
11 //Author:fraud
12 //Blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/fraud/
13 //#####################
14 //#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")
15 #include <iostream>
16 #include <sstream>
17 #include <ios>
18 #include <iomanip>
19 #include <functional>
20 #include <algorithm>
21 #include <vector>
22 #include <string>
23 #include <list>
24 #include <queue>
25 #include <deque>
26 #include <stack>
27 #include <set>
28 #include <map>
29 #include <cstdio>
30 #include <cstdlib>
31 #include <cmath>
32 #include <cstring>
33 #include <climits>
34 #include <cctype>
35 
36 using namespace std;
37 #define rep(X, N) for(int X=0;X<N;X++)
38 typedef long long ll;
39 
40 class hdu5344 {
41 public:
42     void solve(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) {
43         int t;
44         in >> t;
45         while (t--) {
46             ll m, z, l, n;
47             in >> n >> m >> z >> l;
48             ll x = 0;
49             ll ans = 0;
50             rep(i, n) {
51                 ans ^= (x + x);
52                 x = (x * m + z) % l;
53             }
54             out << ans << endl;
55         }
56     }
57 };
58 
59 
60 int main() {
61     std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
62     std::cin.tie(0);
63     hdu5344 solver;
64     std::istream &in(std::cin);
65     std::ostream &out(std::cout);
66     solver.solve(in, out);
67     return 0;
68 }