[oracle@redhat4 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 6 21:14:51 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit;
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@redhat4 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba@ora11g
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 6 21:15:27 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
[oracle@redhat4 ~]$ ps -ef|grep ora
oracle 2825 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle 2827 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle 2831 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle 2833 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle 2835 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle 2837 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle 2839 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:06 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle 2841 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle 2843 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:01 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle 2845 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:03 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle 2847 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:04 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle 2849 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:01 ora_smon_orcl
oracle 2851 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle 2853 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle 2855 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle 2857 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle 2859 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle 2906 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle 2920 1 0 16:26 ? 00:00:02 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle 3039 1 0 16:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle 3041 1 0 16:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
oracle 3043 1 0 16:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_smco_orcl
root 6098 6016 0 19:41 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 6099 6098 0 19:41 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 9920 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:01 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_orcl/sysman/log/emdb.nohup
oracle 9936 9920 0 16:28 ? 00:00:56 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx384M -XX:MaxPermSize=400M -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j -Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_orcl/sysman -DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_orcl -Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient -Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_orcl/config/jazn.xml -Djava.security.policy=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_orcl/config/java2.policy -Djavax.net.ssl.KeyStore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/config/OCMTrustedCerts.txt-Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props -DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_orcl -Dsysman.md5password=true -Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true -Doracle.sysman.ccr.ocmSDK.websvc.keystore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jlib/emocmclnt.ks -Dice.pilots.html4.ignoreNonGenericFonts=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar -config /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_orcl/config/server.xml
oracle 9961 9920 0 16:28 ? 00:00:11 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emagent
oracle 9979 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:06 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 10012 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:03 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 10296 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 10405 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:06 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 10421 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:09 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 10498 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:03 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 10502 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:02 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 10517 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 10519 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 17404 1 0 20:55 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 17690 1 0 20:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_w000_orcl
root 18494 18450 0 21:00 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 18495 18494 0 21:00 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 20346 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle 20680 22623 13 21:16 ? 00:00:12 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx384M -XX:MaxPermSize=400M -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j -Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_ora11g/sysman -DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_ora11g -Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient -Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_ora11g/config/jazn.xml -Djava.security.policy=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_ora11g/config/java2.policy -Djavax.net.ssl.KeyStore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/config/OCMTrustedCerts.txt-Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props -DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_ora11g -Dsysman.md5password=true -Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true -Doracle.sysman.ccr.ocmSDK.websvc.keystore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jlib/emocmclnt.ks -Dice.pilots.html4.ignoreNonGenericFonts=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar -config /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_ora11g/config/server.xml
oracle 20809 1 0 21:17 ? 00:00:00 ora_j000_orcl
oracle 20811 1 0 21:17 ? 00:00:00 ora_j001_orcl
oracle 20897 6099 0 21:17 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle 20898 6099 0 21:17 pts/1 00:00:00 grep ora
oracle 22623 1 0 17:36 ? 00:00:01 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_ora11g/sysman/log/emdb.nohup
oracle 22664 22623 0 17:37 ? 00:00:09 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emagent
oracle 29691 1 0 18:28 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[oracle@redhat4 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@redhat4 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 6 21:27:05 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 534462464 bytes
Fixed Size 2215064 bytes
Variable Size 180355944 bytes
Database Buffers 348127232 bytes
Redo Buffers 3764224 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
[oracle@redhat4 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
[oracle@redhat4 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 6 21:27:05 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 534462464 bytes
Fixed Size 2215064 bytes
Variable Size 180355944 bytes
Database Buffers 348127232 bytes
Redo Buffers 3764224 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
==========================================
Start All Instance: orcl | ora11g and search service status [ora].
[oracle@redhat4 ~]$ ps -ef|grep ora
root 6098 6016 0 19:41 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 6099 6098 0 19:41 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 9920 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:01 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_orcl/sysman/log/emdb.nohup
oracle 9961 9920 0 16:28 ? 00:00:12 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emagent
root 18494 18450 0 21:00 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 18495 18494 0 21:00 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 20346 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle 20680 22623 2 21:16 ? 00:00:22 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx384M -XX:MaxPermSize=400M -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j -Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_ora11g/sysman -DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_ora11g -Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient -Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_ora11g/config/jazn.xml -Djava.security.policy=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_ora11g/config/java2.policy -Djavax.net.ssl.KeyStore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/config/OCMTrustedCerts.txt-Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props -DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_ora11g -Dsysman.md5password=true -Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true -Doracle.sysman.ccr.ocmSDK.websvc.keystore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jlib/emocmclnt.ks -Dice.pilots.html4.ignoreNonGenericFonts=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar -config /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_ora11g/config/server.xml
oracle 21213 9920 3 21:21 ? 00:00:18 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx384M -XX:MaxPermSize=400M -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j -Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_orcl/sysman -DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_orcl -Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient -Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_orcl/config/jazn.xml -Djava.security.policy=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_orcl/config/java2.policy -Djavax.net.ssl.KeyStore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/config/OCMTrustedCerts.txt-Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props -DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_orcl -Dsysman.md5password=true -Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true -Doracle.sysman.ccr.ocmSDK.websvc.keystore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jlib/emocmclnt.ks -Dice.pilots.html4.ignoreNonGenericFonts=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar -config /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_redhat4.7_orcl/config/server.xml
oracle 21896 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora11g
oracle 21898 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_ora11g
oracle 21902 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ora11g
oracle 21904 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ora11g
oracle 21906 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ora11g
oracle 21908 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ora11g
oracle 21910 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ora11g
oracle 21912 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ora11g
oracle 21914 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ora11g
oracle 21916 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ora11g
oracle 21918 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ora11g
oracle 21920 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ora11g
oracle 21922 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ora11g
oracle 21924 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ora11g
oracle 21926 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ora11g
oracle 21928 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ora11g
oracle 21930 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ora11g
oracle 21950 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ora11g
oracle 21976 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ora11g
oracle 21990 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 21993 1 1 21:27 ? 00:00:03 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22003 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ora11g
oracle 22005 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ora11g
oracle 22019 1 1 21:27 ? 00:00:02 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22034 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22236 1 0 21:27 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22267 1 0 21:28 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22376 1 0 21:28 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22406 22664 0 21:28 ? 00:00:00 [perl] <defunct>
oracle 22412 1 0 21:28 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22487 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22489 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22495 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22497 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22563 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle 22565 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle 22569 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle 22571 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle 22573 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle 22575 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle 22577 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle 22579 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle 22581 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle 22583 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle 22585 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle 22587 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle 22589 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle 22591 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle 22593 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle 22595 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle 22597 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle 22623 1 0 17:36 ? 00:00:01 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/redhat4.7_ora11g/sysman/log/emdb.nohup
oracle 22652 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle 22664 22623 0 17:37 ? 00:00:10 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emagent
oracle 22678 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22683 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle 22688 1 2 21:29 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22690 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle 22692 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
oracle 22694 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 ora_q002_orcl
oracle 22726 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleora11g (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22730 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22732 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22734 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22736 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22802 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22804 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 22845 1 0 21:30 ? 00:00:00 ora_j000_orcl
oracle 22847 1 4 21:30 ? 00:00:00 ora_j001_orcl
oracle 22859 6099 0 21:30 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle 22860 6099 0 21:30 pts/1 00:00:00 grep ora
oracle db shutdown immediate–multi Instance
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/quanweiru/p/4928815.html