在本教程中，您将学习如何使用Eclipse创建Android JUnit测试项目，创建自动化单元测试并在各种条件下运行它们。
Android基础
能使用Eclipse和 Android SDK之类的工具。
代码下载：https://simple-calc-unit-testing.googlecode.com/files/FullCodeDownload.zip
需要FQ，如果不能FQ像看源码，请跟帖注明邮箱地址，多谢！
屏幕具有两个简单的功能：它允许用户输入的两个值，求和或者积。
屏幕布局如下main.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:id="@+id/mainLayout">
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello"
android:gravity="center_horizontal" android:textSize="48px"
android:padding="12px" />
<EditText android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/value1"
android:hint="@string/hint1" android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:textSize="48px"></EditText>
<EditText android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/value2"
android:hint="@string/hint2" android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:textSize="48px"></EditText>
<FrameLayout android:id="@+id/FrameLayout01"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:padding="12px" android:background="#ff0000">
<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/LinearLayout02"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal" android:background="#000000"
android:padding="4px">
<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/resultLabel"
android:textSize="48px" android:id="@+id/resultLabel"></TextView>
<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/result"
android:textSize="48px" android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_marginLeft="16px"></TextView>
</LinearLayout>
</FrameLayout>
<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/LinearLayout03"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent">
<Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/addValues"
android:text="@string/add" android:textSize="32px"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></Button>
<Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/multiplyValues"
android:text="@string/multiply" android:textSize="32px"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></Button>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
简单解析一下这个界面设计，我们使用了LinearLayout，以使得控件能在垂直方向竖向排列。界面中包括了显示标题“Unit Testing Sample”的textview,两个输入数字的edittext控件，一个FrameLayout控件中包含了一个水平的LinearLayout，在这个LinearLayout包含了一个显示结果的textview以及其提示文字“Result”,注意的是FrameLayout的背景颜色设置为红色，而LinearLayou设置成了黑色背景。
layout针对Nexus One设计，分辨率800x480。
代码MainActivity.java:
/*
* Copyright (c) 2010, Lauren Darcey and Shane Conder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
* permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
* of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
* materials provided with the distribution.
*
* * Neither the name of the <ORGANIZATION> nor the names of its contributors may be used
* to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
* written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT
* SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
* BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
* STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF
* THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* <ORGANIZATION> = Mamlambo
*/
package com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
final String LOG_TAG = "MainScreen";
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
final EditText value1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.value1);
final EditText value2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.value2);
final TextView result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
Button addButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.addValues);
addButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
int val1 = Integer.parseInt(value1.getText().toString());
int val2 = Integer.parseInt(value2.getText().toString());
Integer answer = val1 + val2;
result.setText(answer.toString());
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Failed to add numbers", e);
}
}
});
Button multiplyButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.multiplyValues);
multiplyButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
int val1 = Integer.parseInt(value1.getText().toString());
int val2 = Integer.parseInt(value2.getText().toString());
Integer answer = val1 * val2;
result.setText(answer.toString());
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Failed to multiply numbers", e);
}
}
});
}
}
上面的代码十分简单，分别在两个按钮的onclick事件中，对用户输入的数进行了相加和相乘，看上去代码似乎没问题，但接下来，我们将通过Junit去发现其中的bug。
您可以通过两种方式添加一个测试项目，添加Android测试项目或从Android Tools添加项目。我们演示后者。
在项目资源管理器中，右键单击要测试的项目，选择Android Tools->New Test Project。
接下来需要对单元测试的工程进行设置，我们采用如下的设置方法：
测试工程名称：我们采用SimpleCalcTest
工程的位置：这个可以随便设置
选择被测试的工程：这里我们选择已经存在的SimpleCalc
构建的目标版本：这里我们选择Android 2.1
测试用例的包名：设置为com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc.test,
设置界面如下图所示：
这一步会在AndroidManifest.xml生成如下内容：
<instrumentation
android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
android:targetPackage="com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc" />
接下来对单元测试进行如下设置
设置选择使用Junit 3
源代码目录：这里要设置为SimpleCalcTest工程的代码目录
Package:这里设置为com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc.test,
测试用例名称：设置为MathValidation
测试的父类：这里选择“android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2."，这个是用来测试activity的Android的测试用例
将多选框中的setup,constructor两个都勾选上
如下图所示
在上图中，点”Finish”按钮后，MathVlidatiton.java测试用例就创建了。在单元测试中包括如下几个部分：construction, setUp(), 针对方法的测试用例, tearDown(), 和destruction。在setup()方法中，主要是实现一些在测试工作前的资源及环境设置等的初始化设置;而针对方法的测试用例中，需要用户自己编写，一般是以“test+方法名”;而tearDown()在每个测试方法之后运行，用来撤消其初始化的测试环境。
生成的代码如下：
package com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc.test;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
public class MathValidation extends
ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {
public MathValidation(String name) {
super(name);
}
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
}
}
注意：忽视“Superclass does not exist.”告警即可。
在构建方法关联被测应用：
public MathValidation() {
super("com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc", MainActivity.class);
}
初始化
package com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc.test;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc.MainActivity;
import com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc.R;
public class MathValidation extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {
private TextView result;
public MathValidation() {
super ("com.mamlambo.article.simplecalc", MainActivity.class);
}
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
MainActivity mainActivity = getActivity();
result = (TextView) mainActivity.findViewById(R.id.result);
}
}
第一个测试用例
private static final String NUMBER_24 = "2 4 ENTER ";
private static final String NUMBER_74 = "7 4 ENTER ";
private static final String ADD_RESULT = "98";
public void testAddValues() {
sendKeys(NUMBER_24);
// now on value2 entry
sendKeys(NUMBER_74);
// now on Add button
sendKeys("ENTER");
// get result
String mathResult = result.getText().toString();
assertTrue("Add result should be 98", mathResult.equals(ADD_RESULT));
}
执行测试
检查结果：
英文原版：http://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/android-sdk-unit-testing-with-the-junit-testing-framework--mobile-421
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/pythontesting/p/4932120.html