声明，以下相关全是前端的东西。
Yeoman 一个自动化工作流，说白了就是把一些你需要手动操作的东西，自动给你做好。
我的理解就是给你创建一个项目，然后里面该有的东西都有了。
官网：http://www.yeoman.io/
Grunt 什么？大G？，其实不是的。
一个类似maven的东西（不知道maven？，那总知道ant吧），能够对前端的文件进行压缩，打包，还有部署，（应该不叫部署，叫整理，更合适一些）。
官网：http://gruntjs.com/
grunt的强大，在于可以有很多第三方的插件可以下载，例如less，coffeescripe等等，grunt可以帮助你自动编译这些文件。
Bower 一只肥鸟，官方说法叫做A package manager for the web，也就是包管理器。
自我感觉不是很好用，比如你需要用jquery，它会把jquery相关的文件全部下载，例如jquery.cokkie.js等，不仅浪费时间，还占用空间。
下面来讲解，这三样东西的具体配置：
安装Yeoman
//首先，你可以执行 sudo npm install -g yo grunt-cli bower 这样可以一下安装3个文件，当然你也可以选择不装。。
先得安装Node.js，Git和Ruby，不要问为什么，官网说的。。。
npm install -g yo创建一个project目录，定位在该目录下
npm install -g generator-webapp
默认情况下会让你选择webapp所用的框架，例如
可以多选，也可以单选，选择后生成的相关配置文件也会根据你的选择来改变，所以这一配置要慎重。
这样，yeoman就装好了。
让你想执行bower命令时，发现报错，因为你还没装bower。。
安装Bower
npm install -g bower
安装Grunt
npm install -g grunt-clicli并不是grunt，只是一个能够让你执行grunt命令的程序
接下来安装grunt
npm install -g grunt回到你建的project目录，装完之后可以看到 目录下会有一个Gruntfile.js文件，
这个是grunt的核心文件，也是这三样东西交互的文件。
// Generated on 2014-04-08 using generator-webapp 0.4.8
‘use strict‘;
// # Globbing
// for performance reasons we‘re only matching one level down:
// ‘test/spec/{,*/}*.js‘
// use this if you want to recursively match all subfolders:
// ‘test/spec/**/*.js‘
module.exports = function (grunt) {
// Load grunt tasks automatically
require(‘load-grunt-tasks‘)(grunt);
// Time how long tasks take. Can help when optimizing build times
require(‘time-grunt‘)(grunt);
// Define the configuration for all the tasks
grunt.initConfig({
// Project settings
config: {
// Configurable paths
app: ‘app‘,
dist: ‘dist‘
},
// Watches files for changes and runs tasks based on the changed files
watch: {
bower: {
files: [‘bower.json‘],
tasks: [‘bowerInstall‘]
},
js: {
files: [‘<%= config.app %>/scripts/{,*/}*.js‘],
tasks: [‘jshint‘],
options: {
livereload: true
}
},
jstest: {
files: [‘test/spec/{,*/}*.js‘],
tasks: [‘test:watch‘]
},
gruntfile: {
files: [‘Gruntfile.js‘]
},
styles: {
files: [‘<%= config.app %>/styles/{,*/}*.css‘],
tasks: [‘newer:copy:styles‘, ‘autoprefixer‘]
},
livereload: {
options: {
livereload: ‘<%= connect.options.livereload %>‘
},
files: [
‘<%= config.app %>/{,*/}*.html‘,
‘.tmp/styles/{,*/}*.css‘,
‘<%= config.app %>/images/{,*/}*‘
]
}
},
// The actual grunt server settings
connect: {
options: {
port: 9000,
livereload: 35729,
// Change this to ‘0.0.0.0‘ to access the server from outside
hostname: ‘localhost‘
},
livereload: {
options: {
open: true,
base: [
‘.tmp‘,
‘<%= config.app %>‘
]
}
},
test: {
options: {
port: 9001,
base: [
‘.tmp‘,
‘test‘,
‘<%= config.app %>‘
]
}
},
dist: {
options: {
open: true,
base: ‘<%= config.dist %>‘,
livereload: false
}
}
},
// Empties folders to start fresh
clean: {
dist: {
files: [{
dot: true,
src: [
‘.tmp‘,
‘<%= config.dist %>/*‘,
‘!<%= config.dist %>/.git*‘
]
}]
},
server: ‘.tmp‘
},
// Make sure code styles are up to par and there are no obvious mistakes
jshint: {
options: {
jshintrc: ‘.jshintrc‘,
reporter: require(‘jshint-stylish‘)
},
all: [
‘Gruntfile.js‘,
‘<%= config.app %>/scripts/{,*/}*.js‘,
‘!<%= config.app %>/scripts/vendor/*‘,
‘test/spec/{,*/}*.js‘
]
},
// Mocha testing framework configuration options
mocha: {
all: {
options: {
run: true,
urls: [‘http://<%= connect.test.options.hostname %>:<%= connect.test.options.port %>/index.html‘]
}
}
},
// Add vendor prefixed styles
autoprefixer: {
options: {
browsers: [‘last 1 version‘]
},
dist: {
files: [{
expand: true,
cwd: ‘.tmp/styles/‘,
src: ‘{,*/}*.css‘,
dest: ‘.tmp/styles/‘
}]
}
},
// Automatically inject Bower components into the HTML file
bowerInstall: {
app: {
src: [‘<%= config.app %>/index.html‘],
ignorePath: ‘<%= config.app %>/‘
}
},
// Renames files for browser caching purposes
rev: {
dist: {
files: {
src: [
‘<%= config.dist %>/scripts/{,*/}*.js‘,
‘<%= config.dist %>/styles/{,*/}*.css‘,
‘<%= config.dist %>/images/{,*/}*.*‘,
‘<%= config.dist %>/styles/fonts/{,*/}*.*‘,
‘<%= config.dist %>/*.{ico,png}‘
]
}
}
},
// Reads HTML for usemin blocks to enable smart builds that automatically
// concat, minify and revision files. Creates configurations in memory so
// additional tasks can operate on them
useminPrepare: {
options: {
dest: ‘<%= config.dist %>‘
},
html: ‘<%= config.app %>/index.html‘
},
// Performs rewrites based on rev and the useminPrepare configuration
usemin: {
options: {
assetsDirs: [‘<%= config.dist %>‘, ‘<%= config.dist %>/images‘]
},
html: [‘<%= config.dist %>/{,*/}*.html‘],
css: [‘<%= config.dist %>/styles/{,*/}*.css‘]
},
// The following *-min tasks produce minified files in the dist folder
imagemin: {
dist: {
files: [{
expand: true,
cwd: ‘<%= config.app %>/images‘,
src: ‘{,*/}*.{gif,jpeg,jpg,png}‘,
dest: ‘<%= config.dist %>/images‘
}]
}
},
svgmin: {
dist: {
files: [{
expand: true,
cwd: ‘<%= config.app %>/images‘,
src: ‘{,*/}*.svg‘,
dest: ‘<%= config.dist %>/images‘
}]
}
},
htmlmin: {
dist: {
options: {
collapseBooleanAttributes: true,
collapseWhitespace: true,
removeAttributeQuotes: true,
removeCommentsFromCDATA: true,
removeEmptyAttributes: true,
removeOptionalTags: true,
removeRedundantAttributes: true,
useShortDoctype: true
},
files: [{
expand: true,
cwd: ‘<%= config.dist %>‘,
src: ‘{,*/}*.html‘,
dest: ‘<%= config.dist %>‘
}]
}
},
// By default, your `index.html`‘s <!-- Usemin block --> will take care of
// minification. These next options are pre-configured if you do not wish
// to use the Usemin blocks.
// cssmin: {
// dist: {
// files: {
// ‘<%= config.dist %>/styles/main.css‘: [
// ‘.tmp/styles/{,*/}*.css‘,
// ‘<%= config.app %>/styles/{,*/}*.css‘
// ]
// }
// }
// },
// uglify: {
// dist: {
// files: {
// ‘<%= config.dist %>/scripts/scripts.js‘: [
// ‘<%= config.dist %>/scripts/scripts.js‘
// ]
// }
// }
// },
// concat: {
// dist: {}
// },
// Copies remaining files to places other tasks can use
copy: {
dist: {
files: [{
expand: true,
dot: true,
cwd: ‘<%= config.app %>‘,
dest: ‘<%= config.dist %>‘,
src: [
‘*.{ico,png,txt}‘,
‘.htaccess‘,
‘images/{,*/}*.webp‘,
‘{,*/}*.html‘,
‘styles/fonts/{,*/}*.*‘,
‘bower_components/bootstrap/dist/fonts/*.*‘
]
}]
},
styles: {
expand: true,
dot: true,
cwd: ‘<%= config.app %>/styles‘,
dest: ‘.tmp/styles/‘,
src: ‘{,*/}*.css‘
}
},
// Run some tasks in parallel to speed up build process
concurrent: {
server: [
‘copy:styles‘
],
test: [
‘copy:styles‘
],
dist: [
‘copy:styles‘,
‘imagemin‘,
‘svgmin‘
]
}
});
grunt.registerTask(‘serve‘, function (target) {
if (target === ‘dist‘) {
return grunt.task.run([‘build‘, ‘connect:dist:keepalive‘]);
}
grunt.task.run([
‘clean:server‘,
‘concurrent:server‘,
‘autoprefixer‘,
‘connect:livereload‘,
‘watch‘
]);
});
grunt.registerTask(‘server‘, function (target) {
grunt.log.warn(‘The `server` task has been deprecated. Use `grunt serve` to start a server.‘);
grunt.task.run([target ? (‘serve:‘ + target) : ‘serve‘]);
});
grunt.registerTask(‘test‘, function (target) {
if (target !== ‘watch‘) {
grunt.task.run([
‘clean:server‘,
‘concurrent:test‘,
‘autoprefixer‘
]);
}
grunt.task.run([
‘connect:test‘,
‘mocha‘
]);
});
grunt.registerTask(‘build‘, [
‘clean:dist‘,
‘useminPrepare‘,
‘concurrent:dist‘,
‘autoprefixer‘,
‘concat‘,
‘cssmin‘,
‘uglify‘,
‘copy:dist‘,
‘rev‘,
‘usemin‘,
‘htmlmin‘
]);
grunt.registerTask(‘default‘, [
‘newer:jshint‘,
‘test‘,
‘build‘
]);
};
可以看到，文件中的每个配置项都是一个task，并且没一个task都是需要下载grunt插件的。
require(‘load-grunt-tasks‘)(grunt);
这段代码很重要，他会找到项目下的node_modules文件夹，把其中的grunt插件全部引入。
接下来便可以执行grunt serve命令了
grunt.registerTask(‘serve‘, function (target) {
if (target === ‘dist‘) {
return grunt.task.run([‘build‘, ‘connect:dist:keepalive‘]);
}
grunt.task.run([
‘clean:server‘,
‘concurrent:server‘,
‘autoprefixer‘,
‘connect:livereload‘,
‘watch‘
]);
});可以看到这个serve命令还接受一个参数target，如果执行grunt serve dist 就会执行build task还有connect下的dist下的 keeplive task。
如果不传参数，正常执行if外面的命令，最后也个watch task很关键，会启动一个临时server来给你debug用，会监听你的每个文件是否改变来刷新你的浏览器（livereload task配置相
关），很智能吧。
未完
Yeoman Grunt Bower配置相关,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文：http://blog.csdn.net/u012844719/article/details/23164939