Percona XtraBackup下载地址
https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/
Percona XtraBackup提供了xtrabackup和innobackupex两个工具
1，xtrabackup只能备份InnoDB和XtraDB两种数据表，而不能备份MyISAM数据表
2，innobackupex是参考了InnoDB Hotbackup的innoback脚本修改而来的.innobackupex是一个perl脚本封装，封装了xtrabackup。主要是为了方便的 同时备份InnoDB和MyISAM引擎的表，但在处理myisam时需要加一个读锁。并且加入了一些使用的选项。如slave-info可以记录备份恢 复后，作为slave需要的一些信息，根据这些信息，可以很方便的利用备份来重做slave。
全数据库备份：
[root@ms01 /backup]# innobackupex --user=aolens --password=*** /backup/Error: option ‘datadir‘ has different values:‘.‘ in defaults file‘/usr/local/mysql/data/‘ in SHOW VARIABLES报错datadir默认是当前路径，show variables是/usr/local/mysql/data
查看数据库datadir的值：show global variables like ‘%datadir%‘；
查看配置文件发现配置文件里没有datadir参数的定义，为配置文件添加上datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@ms01 ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=aolens --password=aolens /backup/160113 11:08:55 innobackupex: Starting the backup operationIMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.At the end of a successful backup run innobackupexprints "completed OK!".160113 11:08:55 version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN ‘dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;port=3306;mysql_socket=/tmp/mysql.sock‘ as ‘aolens‘ (using password: YES).160113 11:08:55 version_check Connected to MySQL server160113 11:08:55 version_check Executing a version check against the server...160113 11:08:55 version_check Done.160113 11:08:55 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: aolens, password: set, port: 3306, socket: /tmp/mysql.sockUsing server version 5.5.29-loginnobackupex version 2.3.2 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 306a2e0)xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().xtrabackup: cd to /usr/local/mysql/dataxtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendxtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 5242880160113 11:08:55 >> log scanned up to (23706694302)xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces160113 11:08:55 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup//2016-01-13_11-08-55/ibdata1160113 11:08:56 >> log scanned up to (23706694560)160113 11:08:56 [01] ...done160113 11:08:57 >> log scanned up to (23706694560)Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES...160113 11:08:57 Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...160113 11:08:57 Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files...160113 11:09:13 [00] ...done160113 11:09:13 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): ‘23706694560‘xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread..160113 11:09:13 >> log scanned up to (23706694560)160113 11:09:13 Executing UNLOCK TABLES160113 11:09:13 All tables unlocked160113 11:09:13 Backup created in directory ‘/backup//2016-01-13_11-08-55‘MySQL binlog position: filename ‘mysql-bin.000032‘, position ‘286360161‘160113 11:09:13 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf160113 11:09:13 [00] ...done160113 11:09:13 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info160113 11:09:13 [00] ...donextrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (23706693241) to (23706694560) was copied.160113 11:09:13 completed OK!备份成功
所以在使用xtrabackup时一定要注意，在配置文件里写上datadir的路径，不然数据还原也会出错。
单库备份
[root@ms01 /backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=aolens --password=*** --database=recon /backup/数据还原
提交未提交的数据
innobackupex --apply-log /backup/2016-01-13_11-08-55/
innobackup不支持离线备份，但是恢复无需启动MySQL。
删除数据目录下的一个库目录。执行恢复。
[root@node2 data]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2016-01-13_11-08-55/innobackupex: Error: Original data directory ‘/mydata/data‘ is not empty! at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 2163. #报错数据目录不为空！[root@node2 data]# rm -rf * #删除数据目录下的所有文件。[root@node2 data]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2016-01-13_11-08-55/innobackupex: Finished copying back files.140909 02:58:36 innobackupex: completed OK!修改恢复回来的数据的权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
启动mysql即可
http://www.aolens.cn/?p=862
本文出自 “aolens·程超” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://aolens.blog.51cto.com/7021142/1734504
Percona XtraBackup备份数据库关于数据路径默认选择和show variables
原文：http://aolens.blog.51cto.com/7021142/1734504