通过系统自带的内容提供器（ContentResolver）读取系统的通讯录，并设置点击事件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="lpc.com.project722.MainActivity">
    <ListView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/list" />
</RelativeLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/name"
        android:text="我是一个名字"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/number"
        android:text="我是一个号码"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

package lpc.com.project722;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ArrayList<String> nameList = new ArrayList<String>();
    private ArrayList<String> numberList = new ArrayList<String>();
    Context mContext = null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ListView list = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
        MyListAdapter Adapter= new MyListAdapter(this);
        list.setAdapter(Adapter);
        readData();
        list.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你点击的是"+ nameList.get(position),
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
    private void readData() {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        try{
            cursor = getContentResolver().query(
                    ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,
                    null,
                    null,
                    null,
                    null);
            while (cursor.moveToNext()){
                String displayName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(
                   ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME
                ));
                nameList.add(displayName);
                String number = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(
                        ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER
                ));
                numberList.add(number);
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            cursor.close();
        }
    }
    class MyListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
        public MyListAdapter(Context context) {
            mContext = context;
        }
        public int getCount() {
            //设置绘制数量
            return nameList.size();
        }
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            return position;
        }
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return position;
        }
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            TextView title = null;
            TextView text = null;
            if (convertView == null) {
                convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(
                        R.layout.list_item, null);
                title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.name);
                text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.number);
            }
            //绘制联系人名称
            title.setText(nameList.get(position));
            //绘制联系人号码
            text.setText(numberList.get(position));
            return convertView;
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="lpc.com.project722">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>