工作中遇到了contentprovider数据共享机制,下面来总结一下:
一、ContentProvider简介 当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。 二、Uri类简介 Uri代表了要操作的数据,Uri主要包含了两部分信息:1.需要操作的ContentProvider ,2.对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作,一个Uri由以下几部分组成:
1.scheme:ContentProvider(内容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定为:content://。 2.主机名(或Authority):用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider,外部调用者可以根据这个标识来找到它。 3.路径(path):可以用来表示我们要操作的数据,路径的构建应根据业务而定,如下: • 要操作contact表中id为10的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/contact/10 • 要操作contact表中id为10的记录的name字段, contact/10/name • 要操作contact表中的所有记录,可以构建这样的路径:/contact 要操作的数据不一定来自数据库,也可以是文件等他存储方式,如下: 要操作xml文件中contact节点下的name节点,可以构建这样的路径:/contact/name 如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri,可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法,如下: Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.changcheng.provider.contactprovider/contact") 三、UriMatcher、ContentUrist和ContentResolver简介 因为Uri代表了要操作的数据,所以我们很经常需要解析Uri,并从Uri中获取数据。Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类,分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris 。掌握它们的使用,会便于我们的开发工作。
UriMatcher:用于匹配Uri,它的用法如下: 1.首先把你需要匹配Uri路径全部给注册上,如下: //常量UriMatcher.NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码(-1)。 UriMatcher uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); //如果match()方法匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径,返回匹配码为1 uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact”, 1);//添加需要匹配uri,如果匹配就会返回匹配码 //如果match()方法匹配 content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact/230路径,返回匹配码为2 uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact/#”, 2);//#号为通配符 2.注册完需要匹配的Uri后,就可以使用uriMatcher.match(uri)方法对输入的Uri进行匹配,如果匹配就返回匹配码,匹配码是调用addURI()方法传入的第三个参数,假设匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径,返回的匹配码为1。
ContentUris:用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分,它有两个比较实用的方法: • withAppendedId(uri, id)用于为路径加上ID部分 • parseId(uri)方法用于从路径中获取ID部分
ContentResolver:当外部应用需要对ContentProvider中的数据进行添加、删除、修改和查询操作时,可以使用ContentResolver 类来完成,要获取ContentResolver 对象,可以使用Activity提供的getContentResolver()方法。 ContentResolver使用insert、delete、update、query方法,来操作数据。 四、ContentProvider示例程序 Manifest.xml中的代码:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
|
<application android:icon= "@drawable/icon" android:label= "@string/app_name" > <activity android:name= ".TestWebviewDemo" android:label= "@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name= "android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name= "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <data android:mimeType= "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <data android:mimeType= "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <provider android:name= "MyProvider" android:authorities= "com.ruixin.login" /> </application> |
需要在<application></application>中为provider进行注册!!!! 首先定义一个数据库的工具类:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
public class RuiXin { public static final String DBNAME = "ruixinonlinedb" ; public static final String TNAME = "ruixinonline" ; public static final int VERSION = 3 ; public static String TID = "tid" ; public static final String EMAIL = "email" ; public static final String USERNAME = "username" ; public static final String DATE = "date" ; public static final String SEX = "sex" ; public static final String AUTOHORITY = "com.ruixin.login" ; public static final int ITEM = 1 ; public static final int ITEM_ID = 2 ; public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login" ; public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login" ; } |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
|
public class DBlite extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public DBlite(Context context) { super (context, RuiXin.DBNAME, null , RuiXin.VERSION); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db.execSQL( "create table " +RuiXin.TNAME+ "(" + RuiXin.TID+ " integer primary key autoincrement not null," + RuiXin.EMAIL+ " text not null," + RuiXin.USERNAME+ " text not null," + RuiXin.DATE+ " interger not null," + RuiXin.SEX+ " text not null);" ); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void add(String email,String username,String date,String sex){ SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(RuiXin.EMAIL, email); values.put(RuiXin.USERNAME, username); values.put(RuiXin.DATE, date); values.put(RuiXin.SEX, sex); db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME, "" ,values); } } |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
|
public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider{ DBlite dBlite; SQLiteDatabase db; private static final UriMatcher sMatcher; static { sMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY,RuiXin.TNAME, RuiXin.ITEM); sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY, RuiXin.TNAME+ "/#" , RuiXin.ITEM_ID); } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); int count = 0 ; switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { case RuiXin.ITEM: count = db.delete(RuiXin.TNAME,selection, selectionArgs); break ; case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: String id = uri.getPathSegments().get( 1 ); count = db.delete(RuiXin.TID, RuiXin.TID+ "=" +id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(RuiXin.TID= "?" )? "AND(" +selection+ ‘)‘ : "" ), selectionArgs); break ; default : throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri); } getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null ); return count; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { case RuiXin.ITEM: return RuiXin.CONTENT_TYPE; case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: return RuiXin.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE; default : throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri); } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); long rowId; if (sMatcher.match(uri)!=RuiXin.ITEM){ throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri); } rowId = db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME,RuiXin.TID,values); if (rowId> 0 ){ Uri noteUri=ContentUris.withAppendedId(RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, rowId); getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null ); return noteUri; } throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri); } @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this .dBlite = new DBlite( this .getContext()); // db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); // return (db == null)?false:true; return true ; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); Cursor c; Log.d( "-------" , String.valueOf(sMatcher.match(uri))); switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { case RuiXin.ITEM: c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null , null , null ); break ; case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: String id = uri.getPathSegments().get( 1 ); c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, RuiXin.TID+ "=" +id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)? "AND(" +selection+ ‘)‘ : "" ),selectionArgs, null , null , sortOrder); break ; default : Log.d( "!!!!!!" , "Unknown URI" +uri); throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Unknown URI" +uri); } c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri); return c; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0 ; } } |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
|
public class Test extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private DBlite dBlite1 = new DBlite( this );; private ContentResolver contentResolver; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); //先对数据库进行添加数据 dBlite1.add(email,username,date,sex); //通过contentResolver进行查找 contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo. this .getContentResolver(); Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query( RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, new String[] { RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME, RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null , null , null ); while (cursor.moveToNext()) { Toast.makeText( TestWebviewDemo. this , cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } startManagingCursor(cursor); //查找后关闭游标 } } |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
|
public class Test extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private ContentResolver contentResolver; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); //通过contentResolver进行查找 contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo. this .getContentResolver(); Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query( RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, new String[] { RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME, RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null , null , null ); while (cursor.moveToNext()) { Toast.makeText(TestWebviewDemo. this , cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE)) + " " + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } startManagingCursor(cursor); //查找后关闭游标 } } |
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/jingzhi/p/5193282.html