【Linux网络文件系统--Network File System搭建】

1、设置Linux系统之间的文件共享（Linux与Windows中间文件共享采用SAMBA服务）；

2、NFS只是一种文件系统，本身没有传输功能，是基于RPC协议实现的，才能达到两个Linux系统之间的文件目录共享；

3、NFS为C/S架构；

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二、NFS应用

1、我的服务器磁盘满了，而我又不能停机添加硬盘或者更换容量更大的服务器，硬盘热插拔服务器除外。

2、配置SSH免密码登录，需要把两台机器的SSH加密串copy到authorzied_keys文件中，例如配置hadoop应用，hadoop允许新添加DataNode节点，如果没有NFS那么各个节点配置SSH免密码登录，两三个节点还好说，万一有一千个节点，今天坏掉一个节点，又新加一个，明天又扩容一个节点，配置SSH免密码真是牵一发而动全身，有了NFS各个节点可以把加密串配置到NFS共享目录中

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三、安装软件

? ? 在192.168.1.104上共享一个目录给其他主机使用，因此1.104作为服务器端，需要检查服务器端软件安装情况，并完成软件安装。

1、检查软件是否安装

[root@bogon ~]# rpm -q nfs-utils portmap

nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.i686

package portmap is not installed

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2、下载安装portmap

[root@bogon ~]# wget ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/archive.download.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/6.1/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS/portmap-4.0-17.i386.rpm

Connecting to ftp.pbone.net|85.14.85.4|:21... connected.

Logging in as anonymous ... Logged in!

==> SYST ... done. ? ?==> PWD ... done.

==> TYPE I ... done. ?==> CWD (1) /mirror/archive.download.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/6.1/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS ... done.

==> SIZE portmap-4.0-17.i386.rpm ... 30245

==> PASV ... done. ? ?==> RETR portmap-4.0-17.i386.rpm ... done.

Length: 30245 (30K) (unauthoritative)

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100%[======================================>] 30,245 ? ? ?59.1K/s ? in 0.5s ? ?

[root@bogon ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?install.log ?install.log.syslog ?portmap-4.0-17.i386.rpm

[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh portmap-4.0-17.i386.rpm?

Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%]

? ?1:portmap ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%]

[root@bogon ~]# ?service portmap start

Starting portmapper: portmap: relocation error: portmap: symbol errno, version GLIBC_2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[FAILED]

[root@bogon ~]# yum install libc.so.6

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

?* base: mirrors.163.com

?* extras: mirrors.163.com

?* updates: mirrors.163.com

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.12-1.107.el6 will be updated

--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.107.el6 for package: glibc-common-2.12-1.107.el6.i686

---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.12-1.166.el6_7.7 will be an update

--> Running transaction check

---> Package glibc-common.i686 0:2.12-1.107.el6 will be updated

---> Package glibc-common.i686 0:2.12-1.166.el6_7.7 will be an update

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Complete!

[root@bogon ~]# ?service portmap start

Starting portmapper: portmap: relocation error: portmap: symbol errno, version GLIBC_2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[FAILED]

[root@bogon ~]# yum install libc.so.6 libnsl.so.1

Package glibc-2.12-1.166.el6_7.7.i686 already installed and latest version

Package glibc-2.12-1.166.el6_7.7.i686 already installed and latest version

Package glibc-2.12-1.166.el6_7.7.i686 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

[root@bogon ~]# ?service portmap start

Starting portmapper: portmap: relocation error: portmap: symbol errno, version GLIBC_2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[FAILED]

[root@bogon ~]# yum install glibc

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security

Complete!

[root@bogon ~]#?

[root@bogon ~]# ?service portmap start

Starting portmapper: portmap: relocation error: portmap: symbol errno, version GLIBC_2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[FAILED]

[root@bogon ~]# reboot

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Broadcast message from root@bogon

? ? ? ? (/dev/pts/0) at 4:04 ...

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The system is going down for reboot NOW!

[root@bogon ~]# Last login: Fri Feb 26 03:46:42 2016 from 192.168.1.103

[root@bogon ~]# wget ftp://carroll.aset.psu.edu/pub/.mirrors/1/rh-mirror.redhat.com/redhat/linux/5.0/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS/portmap-4.0-7.i386.rpm

==> SYST ... done. ? ?==> PWD ... done.

==> TYPE I ... done. ?==> CWD (1) /mirror/archive.download.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/5.0/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS ... done.

==> SIZE portmap-4.0-7.i386.rpm ... 23064

==> PASV ... done. ? ?==> RETR portmap-4.0-7.i386.rpm ... done.

Length: 23064 (23K) (unauthoritative)

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100%[=====================================>] 23,064 ? ? ?54.6K/s ? in 0.4s ? ?

2016-02-26 04:07:42 (54.6 KB/s) - portmap-4.0-7.i386.rpm saved [23064]

[root@bogon ~]# clear

[root@bogon ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg ?install.log ?install.log.syslog ?portmap-4.0-17.i386.rpm ?portmap-4.0-7.i386.rpm

[root@bogon ~]# rpm -q portmap

portmap-4.0-17.i386

[root@bogon ~]# rpm -e portmap-4.0-17.i386

[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh portmap-4.0-7.i386.rpm

Preparing... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%]

? ?1:portmap ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?########################################### [100%]

[root@bogon ~]# ?service portmap start

Starting portmapper: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

[root@bogon ~]#?

[root@bogon ~]# rpm -q nfs-utils portmap

nfs-utils-1.2.3-64.el6.i686

portmap-4.0-7.i386

[root@bogon ~]# ?service nfs status

rpc.svcgssd is stopped

rpc.mountd is stopped

nfsd is stopped

rpc.rquotad is stopped

[root@bogon ~]# ?service nfs start

Starting NFS services: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS quotas: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS mountd: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS daemon: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

[root@bogon ~]# ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[ ?OK ?]

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四、服务器端配置

把1.104的/opt/share_nfs共享给1.105机器，配置如下：

root@bogon ~]# mkdir /opt/share_nfs

[root@bogon ~]# vi /etc/exports

/opt/share_nfs 192.168.1.105(rw)

[root@bogon ~]# service portmap restart

Stopping portmap services: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [FAILED]

Starting portmapper: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

[root@bogon ~]# service nfs restart

Shutting down NFS daemon: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[ ?OK ?]

Shutting down NFS mountd: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[ ?OK ?]

Shutting down NFS quotas: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS services: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS quotas: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS mountd: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS daemon: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

[root@bogon ~]# exportfs ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

/opt/share_nfs ?192.168.1.105

[root@bogon ~]#?

[root@bogon ~]# service portmap restart

Stopping portmap services: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [FAILED]

Starting portmapper: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

[root@bogon ~]# service nfs restart

Shutting down NFS daemon: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[ ?OK ?]

Shutting down NFS mountd: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[ ?OK ?]

Shutting down NFS quotas: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?[ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS services: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS quotas: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS mountd: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

Starting NFS daemon: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

[root@bogon ~]# exportfs ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? [ ?OK ?]

/opt/share_nfs ?192.168.1.105

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五、客户端配置以及验证

[root@bogon ~]# ?showmount -e 192.168.1.104

Export list for 192.168.1.104:

/opt/share_nfs 192.168.1.105

[root@bogon ~]# cd /m

media/ misc/ ?mnt/ ??

[root@bogon ~]# mount 192.168.1.104:/opt/share_nfs ?/mnt/?

[root@bogon ~]# echo "gaojingsong write nfslog in 1.105" >/mnt/test.log

-bash: /mnt/test.log: Permission denied（解决方案，修改服务器目录权限）

[root@bogon ~]# echo "gaojingsong write nfslog in 1.105" >/mnt/test.log

[root@bogon ~]# cat /mnt/test.log

gaojingsong write nfslog in 1.105

[root@bogon ~]# ifconfig

eth0 ? ? ?Link encap:Ethernet ?HWaddr 00:0C:29:10:37:75 ?

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? ? ? ? ? inet addr:192.168.1.105 ?Bcast:192.168.1.255 ?Mask:255.255.255.0

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错误解决方案：

1、客服端Permission denied（解决方案，修改1.104服务器目录权限）

[root@bogon ~]# chmod 777 -R ?/opt/share_nfs

[root@bogon ~]# cd /opt/share_nfs

[root@bogon share_nfs]# ls -l

total 4

-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 34 Feb 26 04:21 test.log

[root@bogon share_nfs]# cat test.log?

gaojingsong write nfslog in 1.105

[root@bogon share_nfs]# hostname -i

hostname: Unknown host

[root@bogon share_nfs]# ifconfig

eth1 ? ? ?Link encap:Ethernet ?HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:F8:93 ?

? ? ? ? ? inet addr:192.168.1.104 ?Bcast:192.168.1.255 ?Mask:255.255.255.0

? ? ? ? ? inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:f893/64 Scope:Link

? ? ? ? ? UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST ?MTU:1500 ?Metric:1

? ? ? ? ? RX packets:956 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

? ? ? ? ? TX packets:745 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

? ? ? ? ? collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000?

? ? ? ? ? RX bytes:127238 (124.2 KiB) ?TX bytes:91020 (88.8 KiB)

? ? ? ? ? Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000?

2、服务器端安装portmap?软件后重启报错

[root@bogon ~]# ?service portmap start

Starting portmapper: portmap: relocation error: portmap: symbol errno, version GLIBC_2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference[FAILED]

解决方案：检查portmap?是否对应支持相应的操作系统