第一部分:expect讲解
expect可以让我们实现自动登录远程机器,并且可以实现自动远程执行命令。当然若是使用不带密码的密钥验证同样可以实现自动登录和自动远程执行命令。但当不能使用密钥验证的时候,我们就没有办法了。所以,这时间只知道对方机器的账号和密码可以通过expect脚本实现登录和远程命令。
使用expect之前,需要安装expect:
yum install -y expect
1、自动远程登录,并执行命令
首先来看一个登录后不退出的脚本
vim 1.expect #需使用expect解释
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.1.202"
set passwd "504360522"
spawn ssh -p60522 root@$host #my ssh port is 60522,not is 22
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
chmod +x 1.expect
./1.expect2.再来看一个登陆后,执行命令然后退出的脚本:
vim 2.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "504360522"
spawn ssh -p 60522 $user@192.168.1.202
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/szk.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo szk > /tmp/szk.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
chmod +x 2.expect
./2.expect3.我们还可以传递参数
vim 3.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd "504360522"
set cm [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh -p 60522 $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
测试:
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]# chmod +x 3.expect
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]#./3.expect root 192.168.1.202 ls #加上 用户 IP 执行命令等参数
spawn ssh -p 60522 root@192.168.1.202
root@192.168.1.202‘s password:
Last login: Sat Mar 12 10:40:11 2016 from 192.168.1.201
[root@Centos6 ~]# ls /root
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog4.自动同步文件
vim 4.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "504360522"
spawn rsync -avz -e "ssh -p 60522" root@192.168.1.202:/tmp/szk.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
测试:
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]# chmod +x 4.expect
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]# ./4.expect
spawn rsync -avz -e ssh -p 60522 root@192.168.1.202:/tmp/szk.txt /tmp/
root@192.168.1.202‘s password:
receiving incremental file list
szk.txt
sent 36 bytes received 74 bytes 73.33 bytes/sec
total size is 4 speedup is 0.045.指定hosts和同步的文件
vim 5.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "504360522"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -ave "ssh -p 60522" root@$host:$file $file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
测试:
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]# chmod +x 5.expect
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]# ./5.expect 192.168.1.202 /tmp/szk.txt
spawn rsync -ave ssh -p 60522 root@192.168.1.202:/tmp/szk.txt /tmp/szk.txt
root@192.168.1.202‘s password:
receiving incremental file list
sent 11 bytes received 37 bytes 96.00 bytes/sec
total size is 4 speedup is 0.08
第二部分:构建文件分发系统
1. 需求背景
对于大公司而言,肯定时不时会有网站或者配置文件更新,而且使用的机器肯定也是好多台,少则几台,多则几十甚至上百台。所以,自动同步文件是至关重要的。
2. 实现思路
首先要有一台模板机器,把要分发的文件准备好,然后只要使用expect脚本批量把需要同步的文件分发到目标机器即可。
3. 核心命令
rsync -av --files-from=list.txt / root@host:/
4. 文件分发系统的实现
vim rsync.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "504360522"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -ave "ssh -p 60522" --files-from=$file / root@$host:/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
================
vim rsync.sh #写一个循环脚本
#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat ip.list`
do
echo $ip
./rsync.expect $ip list.txt
done
================
vim ip.list #ip列表
192.168.1.202
vim list.txt #文件列表
/tmp/szk.txt
================
测试:
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]# chmod +x rsync.sh rsync.expect
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]# ./rsync.sh
192.168.1.202
spawn rsync -ave ssh -p 60522 --files-from=list.txt / root@192.168.1.202:/
root@192.168.1.202‘s password:
building file list ... done
tmp/
sent 54 bytes received 15 bytes 46.00 bytes/sec
total size is 4 speedup is 0.065.命令批量执行脚本
vim exe.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "504360522"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh -p 60522 root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
================
#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat ip.list`
do
echo $ip
./exe.expect $ip "w;free -m;ls /tmp"
done
测试:
[root@lab-2-C6 shell]# ./exe.sh
192.168.1.202
spawn ssh -p 60522 root@192.168.1.202
root@192.168.1.202‘s password:
Last login: Sat Mar 12 15:49:01 2016 from 192.168.1.201
[root@Centos6 ~]# w;free -m;ls /tmp
15:50:28 up 5:56, 3 users, load average: 0.01, 0.01, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root tty1 - 09:54 5:55m 0.04s 0.04s -bash
root pts/0 192.168.1.112 09:54 33:20 0.19s 0.19s -bash
root pts/1 192.168.1.201 15:50 0.00s 0.15s 0.08s w
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 980 359 621 0 10 252
-/+ buffers/cache: 96 884
Swap: 1983 0 1983
szk.txt yum.log yum_save_tx-2015-12-28-16-01qeDbZM.yumtx本文出自 “抚琴煮酒” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://szk5043.blog.51cto.com/8456440/1751316
原文:http://szk5043.blog.51cto.com/8456440/1751316