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CentOS下oracle11gR2静默安装

时间：2016-05-09 02:10:11      阅读：346      评论：0      收藏：0      [点我收藏+]

步骤：
1、上传oracle安装包
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

2、检查依赖库

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rpm -q binutils | grep "not installed"
rpm -q compat-libstdc++-33 | grep "not installed"
rpm -q elfutils-libelf | grep "not installed"
rpm -q elfutils-libelf-devel | grep "not installed"
rpm -q expat | grep "not installed"
rpm -q gcc | grep "not installed"
rpm -q gcc-c++ | grep "not installed"
rpm -q binutils | grep "not installed"
rpm -q glibc | grep "not installed"
rpm -q glibc-common | grep "not installed"
rpm -q glibc-devel | grep "not installed"
rpm -q glibc-headers | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libaio | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libaio-devel | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libgcc | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libstdc++ | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libstdc++-devel | grep "not installed"
rpm -q make | grep "not installed"
rpm -q pdksh | grep "not installed"
rpm -q sysstat | grep "not installed"
rpm -q binutils | grep "not installed"
rpm -q unixODBC | grep "not installed"
rpm -q unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

若出现哪些依赖库没有安装，使用”yum install [依赖库]“进行安装

一般缺少依赖包：?

? ? compat-libstdc++-33

? ? elfutils-libelf-devel

? ? libaio-devel

? ? pdksh

? ? unixODBC

? ? unixODBC-devel

? ? pdksh可能安装不了，需另外单独下载，传到服务器上，加上执行权限，进行安装

?

Java代码?
  1. chmod?777?pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm???

?

?

Java代码?
  1. rpm?-ivh?pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm??

? ?下载pdksh,地址：http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/uqs9yi2YuoqLL?from=page_100505_profile&wvr=6

?

?

3、创建用户和用户组

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groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle
passwd oracle

4、为oracle设置内核参数

sysctl.conf
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vi /etc/sysctl.conf
?
# 在底部追加以下内容
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# 使配置立即生效
sysctl -p
limits.conf
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vi /etc/security/limits.conf
# 在底部追加以下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

5、新建oracle目录

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mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

6、设置oracle环境变量

.bash_profile
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vi .bash_profile
export PATHTH=$PATH:HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=LED
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin
# export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
# export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
unset USERNAME
umask 022

7、解压缩oracle安装文件

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su - root
mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /home/oracle/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /home/oracle/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
cd /home/oracle
chmod 777 *.zip
su - oracle
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /u01
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /u01
cd /u01/database
export DISTRIB=`pwd`

8、修改数据库安装响应文件

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cd /u01/database/response
vi db_install.rsp
?
# 需要更改的参数，其他尽量不要更改，若非要更改请了解参数含义
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

9、调整swap空间大小

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su - root
# 查看swap大小
free -m
# 增加交换分区文件及大小，如果要增加2G大小的交换分区，则命令写法如下，其中的 count 等于想要的块大小。
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=2048000
# 设置交换文件
mkswap /home/swap
# 立即启用交换分区文件
swapon /home/swap
# 如果要在引导时自动启用，则编辑 /etc/fstab 文件，添加行
/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0

10、开始静默安装

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su - oracle
cd /u01/database
./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp
?
# 安装成功会出现
[oracle@iZ94dzd0zvxZ database]$ The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/oracle/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
?????????1. Open a terminal window
?????????2. Log in as "root"
?????????3. Run the scripts
?????????4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.

这一步操作最容易出错，在执行安装脚本时就会报错，经反复测试，只要保证以下规律就能出现”Successfully Setup Software“，
在执行此步操作时，最好再次执行下以下命令:

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cd /u01/database
export DISTRIB=`pwd`

oracle静默安装时会需找此变量，另外附加个安装成功的db_install.rsp的响应文件，点击下载

11、在root用户下运行脚本

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cd /u01/oraInventory/
./orainstRoot.sh
cd /u01/oracle/
./root.sh

12、静默配置监听

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# 切换到oracle用户
su - oracle
# 执行监听的响应文件安装
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /u01/database/response/netca.rsp
# 查看是否已经生成listener.ora和sqlnet.ora监听文件
ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora
# 检查监听启动状态
lsnrctl status

13、静默建库

dbca.rsp
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vi /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp
?
#以下参数必须设置
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "ORCL.LK"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
#以下参数不设置则使用默认值,建议设置
CHARACTERSET = "utf8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1024"

执行静默安装

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$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password:
Enter SYSTEM user password:

由于没有更改dbca.rsp文件中的SYS和SYSTEM的密码，所以oracle缺省密码分别为chang_on_install和manager

14、检查建库实列

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ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

监听、进程正常，启动成功。关于创建用户、表空间和分配权限，请点击。

创建Oracle表空间，临时表空间，用户名

?

Java代码?
  1. CREATE?SMALLFILE?TEMPORARY?TABLESPACE?TQBAY_TEMP?TEMPFILE?‘/bosyun/u01/oradata/orcl11g/TQBAY_TEMP‘?SIZE?2048M?AUTOEXTEND?ON?NEXT?512M?MAXSIZE?UNLIMITED?EXTENT?MANAGEMENT?LOCAL?UNIFORM?SIZE?1M;??
  2. ?????
  3. CREATE?SMALLFILE?TABLESPACE?TQBAY_DATA?DATAFILE?‘/bosyun/u01/oradata/orcl11g/TQBAY_DATA‘?SIZE?2048M?AUTOEXTEND?ON?NEXT?512M?MAXSIZE?UNLIMITED?LOGGING?EXTENT?MANAGEMENT?LOCAL?SEGMENT?SPACE?MANAGEMENT?AUTO;??
  4. ?????
  5. CREATE?USER?用户名?PROFILE?"DEFAULT"?IDENTIFIED?BY?密码?DEFAULT?TABLESPACE?TQBAY_DATA?TEMPORARY?TABLESPACE?TQBAY_TEMP?ACCOUNT?UNLOCK;??
  6. ?????
  7. GRANT?CONNECT?TO?用户名?WITH?ADMIN?OPTION;??
  8. GRANT?DBA?TO?用户名;??
  9. GRANT?RESOURCE?TO?用户名;??

?

?

?

FAQ:

FAQ1：[FATAL] [INS-13013] Target environment do not meet some mandatory requirements

解决安装是：安装命令中加入选项-ignorePrereq

?

FAQ2: LRM-00109: could not open parameter file ‘/home/oracle/oracle10g/dbs/initoms

今天连接Oracle数据库的时候，发现数据没启动，利用startup命令，出现错误提示如下：

SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system ? parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file ? ‘/oracle/10g/dbs/init10g.ora‘

?

按提示查找相关目录的文件，果然不存在。

到网上查了一下资料。得到如果有用信息：是因为在oracle10g中，oracle默认将使用spfile启动数据库，如果spfile不存在，则就会出现上述错误。

解决方法：

将$ORACLE_BASE/admin/你的数据库名称/pfile/init.ora.628201264542（这串数字未必一样）

copy到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下，并改名为你的数据库实例名即可。

例如：上面提示找不到init10g.ora这个文件，就改成 init10g.ora

参考命令：

export $ORACLE_HOME --输出使用中的环境变量Home

cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile --或.bashrc文件，务必确定$ORACLE_HOME的值与当前使用的一致

（我就遇到过不一致的）

mv $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.628201264542 /oracle/10g/dbs/init10g.ora ?

--复制文件到指定目录

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

startup

?搞定！

?

FAQ3:?SQL> shutdown immediate;

? ? ? ? ? ?ORA-01507: database not mounted

Sql代码?
  1. [oracle@iZ286r3394hZ?orcl11g]$?ps?-ef?|?grep?oracle??
  2. oracle???29729?????1??0?10:17??????????00:00:00?/bosyun/u01/app/oracle/bin/tnsl??
  3. nr?LISTENER?-inherit??
  4. root?????30074?30038??0?10:34?pts/0????00:00:00?su?-?oracle??
  5. oracle???30075?30074??0?10:34?pts/0????00:00:00?-bash??
  6. oracle???30831?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_pmon_orcl11g??
  7. oracle???30833?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:01?ora_vktm_orcl11g??
  8. oracle???30837?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_gen0_orcl11g??
  9. oracle???30839?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_diag_orcl11g??
  10. oracle???30841?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_dbrm_orcl11g??
  11. oracle???30843?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_psp0_orcl11g??
  12. oracle???30845?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_dia0_orcl11g??
  13. oracle???30847?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_mman_orcl11g??
  14. oracle???30849?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_dbw0_orcl11g??
  15. oracle???30851?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_lgwr_orcl11g??
  16. oracle???30853?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_ckpt_orcl11g??
  17. oracle???30855?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_smon_orcl11g??
  18. oracle???30857?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_reco_orcl11g??
  19. oracle???30859?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_mmon_orcl11g??
  20. oracle???30861?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_mmnl_orcl11g??
  21. oracle???30863?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_d000_orcl11g??
  22. oracle???30865?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_s000_orcl11g??
  23. oracle???30971?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_qmnc_orcl11g??
  24. oracle???30986?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_cjq0_orcl11g??
  25. oracle???30988?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_q000_orcl11g??
  26. oracle???30990?????1??0?10:37??????????00:00:00?ora_q001_orcl11g??
  27. oracle???31041?????1??0?10:47??????????00:00:00?ora_smco_orcl11g??
  28. oracle???31043?????1??0?10:47??????????00:00:00?ora_w000_orcl11g??
  29. oracle???31285?30075??0?10:56?pts/0????00:00:00?ps?-ef??
  30. oracle???31286?30075??0?10:56?pts/0????00:00:00?grep?--color=auto?oracle??
  31. ??
  32. [oracle@iZ286r3394hZ?orcl11g]$?kill?-9?30831??
  33. [oracle@iZ286r3394hZ?orcl11g]$?ps?-ef?|?grep?oracle??
  34. oracle???29729?????1??0?10:17??????????00:00:00?/bosyun/u01/app/oracle/bin/tnsls??
  35. nr?LISTENER?-inherit??
  36. root?????30074?30038??0?10:34?pts/0????00:00:00?su?-?oracle??
  37. oracle???30075?30074??0?10:34?pts/0????00:00:00?-bash??
  38. oracle???31293?30075??0?10:57?pts/0????00:00:00?ps?-ef??
  39. oracle???31294?30075??0?10:57?pts/0????00:00:00?grep?--color=auto?oracle??
  40. ??
  41. [oracle@iZ286r3394hZ?orcl11g]$?ipcs?-s??
  42. ??
  43. ------?Semaphore?Arrays?--------??
  44. key????????semid??????owner??????perms??????nsems??
  45. ??
  46. [oracle@iZ286r3394hZ?orcl11g]$?ipcs?-mp??
  47. ??
  48. ------?Shared?Memory?Creator/Last-op?PIDs?--------??
  49. shmid??????owner??????cpid???????lpid??
  50. ??
  51. [oracle@iZ286r3394hZ?orcl11g]$?ps?-ef?|?grep?ora_??
  52. oracle???31300?30075??0?10:58?pts/0????00:00:00?grep?--color=auto?ora_??
  53. [oracle@iZ286r3394hZ?orcl11g]$?sqlplus?/nolog??
  54. SQL>?connect?/?as?sysdba??
  55. SQL>?startup??
  56. ORACLE?instance?started.??
  57. ??
  58. Total?System?Global?Area?1068937216?bytes??
  59. Fixed?Size??????????????????2220200?bytes??
  60. Variable?Size?????????????616566616?bytes??
  61. Database?Buffers??????????444596224?bytes??
  62. Redo?Buffers????????????????5554176?bytes??
  63. Database?mounted.??
  64. Database?opened.?

CentOS下oracle11gR2静默安装

原文：http://jatter.iteye.com/blog/2296041
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