引言
对于系统和网络管理员来说每天监控和调试Linux系统的性能问题是一项繁重的工作。这些命令行工具可以在各种Linux系统下使用,可以用于监控和查找产生性能问题的原因。这个命令行工具列表提供了足够的工具,您可以挑选适用于您的监控场景的工具。
在许多Linux或者类Unix系统里都有lsof命令,它常用于以列表的形式显示所有打开的文件和进程。打开的文件包括磁盘文件、网络套接字、管道、设备和进程。使用这条命令的主要情形之一就是在无法挂载磁盘和显示正在使用或者打开某个文件的错误信息的时候。
常用的参数列表:[root@CentOS7 ~]# lsof -i :22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 925 root 3u IPv4 18374 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 925 root 4u IPv6 18383 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 9452 root 3u IPv4 1169003 0t0 TCP CentOS7.2:ssh->192.168.56.1:61347 (ESTABLISHED)
[root@CentOS7 ~]# lsof -a -u root -d txt COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME systemd 1 root txt REG 0,34 1489960 56083 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd kthreadd 2 root txt unknown /proc/2/exe ksoftirqd 3 root txt unknown /proc/3/exe migration 7 root txt unknown /proc/7/exe rcu_bh 8 root txt unknown /proc/8/exe
常用热键
top - 11:20:12 up 2 days, 18:39, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.3/0.7 1[| ] KiB Mem : 500780 total, 13236 free, 249296 used, 238248 buff/cache KiB Swap: 8388604 total, 7848788 free, 539816 used. 200108 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 17166 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:09.05 kworker/0:2 19196 root 20 0 146144 2056 1420 R 0.3 0.4 0:02.25 top 23944 root 20 0 1239128 38724 8388 S 0.3 7.7 6:39.63 firefox 1 root 20 0 191492 4212 2328 S 0.0 0.8 0:27.20 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.22 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 7:11.69 ksoftirqd/0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcuob/0 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 6:09.07 rcu_sched 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 14:11.36 rcuos/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.03 watchdog/0 13 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs 15 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 perf
top - 11:22:12 up 2 days, 18:41, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 60.0/500780 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ] KiB Swap: 6.4/8388604 [||||| ]
1:Def - 11:23:40 up 2 days, 18:42, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 174 total, 1 running, 173 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.7 us, 0.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 500780 total, 21124 free, 249376 used, 230280 buff/cache KiB Swap: 8388604 total, 7848788 free, 539816 used. 200072 avail Mem 1 PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 920 root 20 0 644044 11096 3360 S 0.3 2.2 10:28.34 daomonit 19196 root 20 0 146144 2056 1420 R 0.3 0.4 0:03.00 top 1 root 20 0 191492 4212 2328 S 0.0 0.8 0:27.20 systemd 2 PID PPID TIME+ %CPU %MEM PR NI S VIRT RES UID COMMAND 24416 2 0:03.29 0.0 0.0 0 -20 S 0 0 0 kworker/0:2H 24365 1 0:00.04 0.0 0.3 20 0 S 238724 1380 0 gvfsd-metadata 23944 23598 6:40.25 0.0 7.7 20 0 S 1239128 38724 0 firefox 3 PID %MEM VIRT RES CODE DATA SHR nMaj nDRT %CPU COMMAND 23598 10.7 1473588 53752 16 746528 8912 26k 0 0.0 gnome-shell 23944 7.7 1239128 38724 108 582752 8388 46k 0 0.0 firefox 18581 3.2 110512 15824 392 12292 3364 23 0 0.0 dhclient 4 PID PPID UID USER RUSER TTY TIME+ %CPU %MEM S COMMAND 536 1 172 rtkit rtkit ? 0:03.06 0.0 0.1 S rtkit-daemon 1 0 0 root root ? 0:27.20 0.0 0.8 S systemd 2 0 0 root root ? 0:02.22 0.0 0.0 S kthreadd 3 2 0 root root ? 7:11.70 0.0 0.0 S ksoftirqd/0
Fields Management for window 1:Def, whose current sort field is PPID Navigate with Up/Dn, Right selects for move then <Enter> or Left commits, ‘d‘ or <Space> toggles display, ‘s‘ sets sort. Use ‘q‘ or <Esc> to end! * PID = Process Id GROUP = Group Name TGID = Thread Group Id * USER = Effective User Name PGRP = Process Group Id ENVIRON = Environment vars* PR = Priority TTY = Controlling Tty vMj = Major Faults delta * NI = Nice Value TPGID = Tty Process Grp Id vMn = Minor Faults delta * VIRT = Virtual Image (KiB) SID = Session Id USED = Res+Swap Size (KiB) * RES = Resident Size (KiB) nTH = Number of Threads nsIPC=IPC namespace Inode * SHR = Shared Memory (KiB) P = Last Used Cpu (SMP) nsMNT = MNT namespace Inode * S = Process Status TIME = CPU Time nsNET = NET namespace Inode * %MEM = Memory Usage (RES) SWAP = Swapped Size (KiB) nsPID=PID namespace Inode * TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths CODE = Code Size (KiB) nsUSER=USER namespace Inode * COMMAND = Command Name/Line DATA = Data+Stack (KiB) nsUTS= UTS namespace Inode * %CPU = CPU Usage nMaj = Major Page Faults PPID = Parent Process pid nMin = Minor Page Faults UID = Effective User Id nDRT = Dirty Pages Count RUID = Real User Id WCHAN = Sleeping in Function RUSER = Real User Name Flags = Task Flags <sched.h> SUID = Saved User Id CGROUPS = Control Groups SUSER = Saved User Name SUPGIDS = Supp Groups IDs GID = Group Id SUPGRPS = Supp Groups Names
PID to renice [default pid = 920]
PID to signal/kill [default pid = 19156]
[root@CentOS7 ~]# vmstat -mCache Num Total Size Pagesfuse_inode 10 10 768 10nf_conntrack_ffff88001a2d8000 0 0 320 12nf_conntrack_ffffffff81a25e00 180 180 320 12kcopyd_job 0 0 3312 9dm_uevent 0 0 2608 12dm_rq_target_io 0 0 136 30[root@CentOS7 ~]# vmstat 3 5procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 539680 17040 8 234828 508 252 7085 420 84 176 6 4 86 4 0 0 0 539680 17040 8 234828 0 0 0 0 29 53 0 0 100 0 0 1 0 539680 17040 8 234828 0 0 0 0 31 58 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 539680 17008 8 234828 0 0 0 0 34 67 0 0 100 0 0 1 0 539680 16668 8 234828 0 0 0 0 71 151 1 2 97 0 0 [root@CentOS7 ~]# w root 12:26:14 up 2 days, 19:45, 3 users, load average: 0.05, 0.12, 0.13USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHATroot :0 :0 Sat23 ?xdm? 1:08m 0.65s gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-password]root pts/0 192.168.56.1 Sun22 4:35m 0.61s 0.00s lsofroot pts/1 192.168.56.1 11:09 6.00s 0.20s 0.01s w root[root@CentOS7 ~]# uptime 12:30:39 up 2 days, 19:49, 3 users, load average: 0.06, 0.08, 0.12ps工具标识进程的5种状态码:
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ps -lF S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD4 S 0 19160 19156 0 80 0 - 29172 wait pts/1 00:00:00 bash0 R 0 20465 19160 0 80 0 - 34343 - pts/1 00:00:00 ps[root@CentOS7 ~]# ps auxUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMANDroot 1 0.0 0.8 191492 4300 ? Ss May20 0:28 /usr/lib/systemd/systemdroot 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:02 [kthreadd]root 3 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 7:12 [ksoftirqd/0]root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [migration/0]root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [rcu_bh]root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [rcuob/0]root 10 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 6:10 [rcu_sched]root 11 0.3 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 14:13 [rcuos/0]root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:03 [watchdog/0]root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [khelper]root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [kdevtmpfs]root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [netns]root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [perf][root@CentOS7 ~]# ps -lAF S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD4 S 0 1 0 0 80 0 - 47873 ep_pol ? 00:00:29 systemd1 S 0 2 0 0 80 0 - 0 kthrea ? 00:00:02 kthreadd1 S 0 3 2 0 80 0 - 0 smpboo ? 00:07:13 ksoftirqd/01 S 0 7 2 0 -40 - - 0 smpboo ? 00:00:00 migration/01 S 0 8 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_gp ? 00:00:00 rcu_bh1 S 0 9 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_no ? 00:00:00 rcuob/01 S 0 10 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_gp ? 00:06:12 rcu_sched1 S 0 11 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_no ? 00:14:16 rcuos/05 S 0 12 2 0 -40 - - 0 smpboo ? 00:00:03 watchdog/01 S 0 13 2 0 60 -20 - 0 rescue ? 00:00:00 khelper[root@CentOS7 ~]# ps -axjf PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND 0 2 0 0 ? -1 S 0 0:02 [kthreadd] 2 3 0 0 ? -1 S 0 7:13 \_ [ksoftirqd/0] 2 7 0 0 ? -1 S 0 0:00 \_ [migration/0] 2 8 0 0 ? -1 S 0 0:00 \_ [rcu_bh] 2 9 0 0 ? -1 S 0 0:00 \_ [rcuob/0] 2 10 0 0 ? -1 S 0 6:12 \_ [rcu_sched] 2 11 0 0 ? -1 S 0 14:16 \_ [rcuos/0][root@CentOS7 ~]# ps aux | egrep ‘(crypto|bash)‘root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [crypto]root 597 0.0 0.1 115240 772 ? S May20 0:14 /bin/bash /usr/sbin/ksmtunedroot 23362 0.0 0.6 116556 3272 pts/0 Ss 16:50 0:00 -bashroot 23521 0.0 0.0 52852 44 ? Ss May21 0:01 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /bin/sh -c exec -l /bin/bash -c "env GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=classic gnome-session --session gnome-classic"root 25992 0.0 0.1 112648 956 pts/0 S+ 20:08 0:00 grep -E --color=auto (crypto|bash)[root@CentOS7 ~]# free[root@CentOS7 ~]# iostat Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (CentOS7.2) 05/23/2016 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 5.20 0.00 3.53 3.54 0.00 87.73Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtnsda 197.17 6120.99 371.74 1677443445 101873448[root@CentOS7 ~]# iostat -p sda 2 1Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (CentOS7.2) 05/23/2016 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 5.19 0.00 3.52 3.54 0.00 87.75Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtnsda 196.83 6110.31 371.21 1677443609 101907192sda1 0.01 0.02 0.01 4585 2060sda2 43.56 438.87 217.75 120482400 59778512sda3 152.42 5671.42 153.45 1556955824 42126620 [root@CentOS7 ~]# mpstat -P ALLLinux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (CentOS7.2) 05/23/2016 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) 10:45:33 PM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle10:45:33 PM all 5.19 0.00 2.70 3.54 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.7610:45:33 PM 0 5.19 0.00 2.70 3.54 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.76[root@CentOS7 ~]# pmap -d 2336223362: -bashAddress Kbytes Mode Offset Device Mapping0000000000400000 884 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 bash00000000006dc000 4 r---- 00000000000dc000 000:00020 bash00000000006dd000 36 rw--- 00000000000dd000 000:00020 bash00000000006e6000 24 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]000000000221d000 1576 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7d3fc3d000 103580 r---- 0000000000000000 000:00020 locale-archive00007f7d46164000 44 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 libnss_files-2.17.so00007f7d4616f000 2044 ----- 000000000000b000 000:00020 libnss_files-2.17.so00007f7d4636e000 4 r---- 000000000000a000 000:00020 libnss_files-2.17.so00007f7d4636f000 4 rw--- 000000000000b000 000:00020 libnss_files-2.17.so00007f7d46370000 24 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7d46376000 1752 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 libc-2.17.so00007f7d4652c000 2048 ----- 00000000001b6000 000:00020 libc-2.17.so00007f7d4672c000 16 r---- 00000000001b6000 000:00020 libc-2.17.so00007f7d46730000 8 rw--- 00000000001ba000 000:00020 libc-2.17.so00007f7d46732000 20 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7d46737000 12 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 libdl-2.17.so00007f7d4673a000 2044 ----- 0000000000003000 000:00020 libdl-2.17.so00007f7d46939000 4 r---- 0000000000002000 000:00020 libdl-2.17.so00007f7d4693a000 4 rw--- 0000000000003000 000:00020 libdl-2.17.so00007f7d4693b000 148 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 libtinfo.so.5.900007f7d46960000 2048 ----- 0000000000025000 000:00020 libtinfo.so.5.900007f7d46b60000 16 r---- 0000000000025000 000:00020 libtinfo.so.5.900007f7d46b64000 4 rw--- 0000000000029000 000:00020 libtinfo.so.5.900007f7d46b65000 132 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 ld-2.17.so00007f7d46d6d000 12 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7d46d7c000 4 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7d46d7d000 28 r--s- 0000000000000000 000:00020 gconv-modules.cache00007f7d46d84000 8 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007f7d46d86000 4 r---- 0000000000021000 000:00020 ld-2.17.so00007f7d46d87000 4 rw--- 0000000000022000 000:00020 ld-2.17.so00007f7d46d88000 4 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]00007fffc4354000 132 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ stack ]00007fffc43e0000 8 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]ffffffffff600000 4 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]mapped: 116688K writeable/private: 1864K shared: 28K[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat Active Internet connections (w/o servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address Statetcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 ec2-54-191-11-118:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52665 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 52 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53607 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52666 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52321 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:40108 123.59.138.92:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55494 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55490 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53608 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55495 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:54883 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDActive UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Pathunix 2 [ ] DGRAM 6846 /run/systemd/notifyunix 5 [ ] DGRAM 6858 /run/systemd/journal/socketunix 22 [ ] DGRAM 6860 /dev/logunix 2 [ ] DGRAM 9469 /run/systemd/shutdowndunix 2 [ ] DGRAM 14069unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1048183unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 1046317[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -at 列出所有 tcp 端口Active Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address Statetcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 ec2-54-191-11-118:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52665 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 52 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53607 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52666 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:37671 123.59.87.202:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52321 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55494 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55490 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53608 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55495 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:54883 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset [::]:* LISTEN [root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -au 列出所有 udp 端口Active Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address Stateudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:mdns 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53491 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:47643 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootps 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 localhost:323 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:14662 0.0.0.0:*udp6 0 0 [::]:49441 [::]:*udp6 0 0 localhost:323 [::]:*udp6 0 0 [::]:61519 [::]:*[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -lt 只列出所有监听 tcp 端口Active Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address Statetcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset [::]:* LISTEN [root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -lu 只列出所有监听 udp 端口Active Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address Stateudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:mdns 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53491 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:47643 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootps 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 localhost:323 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:14662 0.0.0.0:*udp6 0 0 [::]:49441 [::]:*udp6 0 0 localhost:323 [::]:*udp6 0 0 [::]:61519 [::]:*[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -lx 只列出所有监听 UNIX 端口Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Pathunix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1046533 /run/user/0/pulse/nativeunix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 9738 /run/lvm/lvmpolld.socketunix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1046289 /run/user/0/keyring/pkcs11unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1046292 /run/user/0/keyring/sshunix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1044502 /run/user/0/keyring/controlunix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19100 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -stIcmpMsg: InType3: 42 InType11: 24 OutType3: 48Tcp: 71276 active connections openings 26415 passive connection openings 443 failed connection attempts 22567 connection resets received 13 connections established 6169222 segments received 6167435 segments send out 1531 segments retransmited 0 bad segments received. 101775 resets sentUdpLite:TcpExt: 4160 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer 159348 delayed acks sent 243 delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket Quick ack mode was activated 64 times 119 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue. 113274 bytes directly in process context from backlog 346692 bytes directly received in process context from prequeue 642042 packet headers predicted 151 packets header predicted and directly queued to user 2108179 acknowledgments not containing data payload received 833025 predicted acknowledgments 49 congestion windows recovered without slow start after partial ack 6 retransmits in slow start 172 other TCP timeouts TCPLossProbes: 855 TCPLossProbeRecovery: 831 48 DSACKs sent for old packets 863 DSACKs received 20455 connections reset due to unexpected data 44 connections reset due to early user close 21 connections aborted due to timeout TCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo: 833 TCPSpuriousRTOs: 4 IPReversePathFilter: 314 TCPRetransFail: 10 TCPRcvCoalesce: 30786 TCPChallengeACK: 7 TCPSpuriousRtxHostQueues: 29 TCPAutoCorking: 1236 TCPSynRetrans: 616 TCPOrigDataSent: 1370187 TCPHystartTrainDetect: 4 TCPHystartTrainCwnd: 82IpExt: InNoRoutes: 32 InMcastPkts: 1724 OutMcastPkts: 738 InBcastPkts: 43901 InOctets: 1655483718 OutOctets: 1440836672 InMcastOctets: 374261 OutMcastOctets: 119692 InBcastOctets: 3810738 InNoECTPkts: 6421160[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -suIcmpMsg: InType3: 42 InType11: 24 OutType3: 48Udp: 115000 packets received 48 packets to unknown port received. 0 packet receive errors 114624 packets sent 0 receive buffer errors 0 send buffer errorsUdpLite:IpExt: InNoRoutes: 32 InMcastPkts: 1724 OutMcastPkts: 738 InBcastPkts: 43901 InOctets: 1655485325 OutOctets: 1440841862 InMcastOctets: 374261 OutMcastOctets: 119692 InBcastOctets: 3810738 InNoECTPkts: 6421188[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -ptActive Internet connections (w/o servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 ec2-54-191-11-118:https ESTABLISHED 23944/firefox tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52665 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED 24872/daotunnel tcp 0 388 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHED 23358/sshd: root@pt tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53607 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED 24872/daotunnel tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52666 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED 24872/daotunnel tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52321 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED 24872/daotunnel tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:40833 123.59.87.200:https ESTABLISHED 920/daomonit [root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -cActive Internet connections (w/o servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address Statetcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 ec2-54-191-11-118:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52665 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHEDtcp 0 52 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHED[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat --verbosenetstat: no support for `AF IPX‘ on this system.netstat: no support for `AF AX25‘ on this system.netstat: no support for `AF X25‘ on this system.netstat: no support for `AF NETROM‘ on this system.[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -rKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Ifacedefault 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth010.0.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -ap | grep sshtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 925/sshd tcp 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23358/sshd: root@pt tcp 0 52 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHED 23358/sshd: root@pt [root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -iKernel Interface tableIface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flgdocker0 1500 186339 0 0 0 186275 0 0 0 BMUeth0 1500 866623 0 0 0 747980 0 0 0 BMRUeth1 1500 101288 0 0 0 83187 0 0 0 BMRUlo 65536 5276771 0 0 0 5276771 0 0 0 LRUvirbr0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -t -aState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:PortLISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:domain *:*LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:*LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:x11-ssh-offset *:*ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 54.191.11.118:https [root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -sTotal: 555 (kernel 567)TCP: 21 (estab 13, closed 1, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 0 Transport Total IP IPv6* 567 - -RAW 2 0 2UDP 14 11 3TCP 20 17 3INET 36 28 8FRAG 0 0 0[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -lNetid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Portnl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:1216349100 *nl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:2059403794 *nl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:geoclue/23600 *[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -plNetid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Portnl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:1216349100 *nl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:2059403794 *[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -u -aState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:PortUNCONN 0 0 *:mdns *:*UNCONN 0 0 *:53491 *:*ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:42245 120.25.108.11:ntp UNCONN 0 0 *:47643 *:*UNCONN 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain *:*UNCONN 0 0 *%virbr0:bootps *:*UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 *:*UNCONN 0 0 *:bootpc *:*UNCONN 0 0 *:bootpc *:*UNCONN 0 0 *:14662 *:*ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:39026 202.118.1.81:ntp[root@CentOS7 ~]# tcpdump -i eth0tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes02:58:12.453576 IP 10.0.2.15.41384 > 123.59.138.93.https: Flags [F.], seq 3046243613, ack 2957421906, win 42600, length 002:58:12.453863 IP 123.59.138.93.https > 10.0.2.15.41384: Flags [.], ack 1, win 65535, length 002:58:12.454352 IP 10.0.2.15.43009 > 112.54.207.8.domain: 15449+ PTR? 93.138.59.123.in-addr.arpa. (44)02:58:12.484893 IP 123.59.138.93.https > 10.0.2.15.41384: Flags [P.], seq 1:54, ack 1, win 65535, length 5302:58:12.484932 IP 10.0.2.15.41384 > 123.59.138.93.https: Flags [R], seq 3046243614, win 0, length 002:58:12.485000 IP 123.59.138.93.https > 10.0.2.15.41384: Flags [F.], seq 54, ack 1, win 65535, length 035 packets captured162 packets received by filter97 packets dropped by kernel原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/dongdongwq/p/5555770.html