如果我们想对外发布RESTful API,可以基于ASP.NET来构建Restful APIs,但需要部署IIS吗?答案是不必。你可以把它托管到一个Windows Service。具体如何把WEB API自托管到Windows Service可以参考这一文章:Self-Host a Web API (HttpSelfHostServer) (C#). 基本上照着一步步做就行了。例子里是基于Windows Console Application,同样可以Self-Host到Windows Service.
问题在于如何把Controllers从Windows Service分离?可以使用autoFac,本文具体从这展开。
autoFac是一个.NET IoC容器框架,这里我们用来分离Controllers,也就是说,我们把MVC的控制器Controllers放到独立的一个工程(Project),然后在Windows Service里面自托管(Self-Host)RESTful APIs。部署的时候只要部署windows service即可,不需要IIS,外部一样可以调用我们的RESTful APIs. 需要做的就是: 1. 引用autoFac 2. 注册Controllers 3. 设置DependencyResolver。好,我们新建一个project,类型是类库dll。添加引用:System.Web.Http;添加一个Controller:
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using
System; using
System.Net; using
System.Net.Http; using
System.Web.Http; using
Newtonsoft.Json; namespace
myCompany { public
class
GroupController : ApiController, IGroupController { public
HttpResponseMessage Update(HttpRequestMessage request) { Model model = null ; var
body = "" ; var
valid = true ; var
result = new
response { success = true , message = ""
}; HttpResponseMessage response; try { body = request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result; /* * According to the content type (text / json / xml), deserialize the request body */ model = Deserialize(body, ModelUtility.GetMediaType(request.Content.Headers.ContentType.ToString())); if
(model == null ) valid = false ; } catch
(Exception e) { valid = false ; } if
(!valid) { response = BuildFailureResponse( string .Format( "Failure during parsing the request [{0}]" , body)); } else { response = Request.CreateResponse<response>(HttpStatusCode.OK, result); } return
response; } private
static
Model Deserialize( string
data, MediaTypes type) { switch
(type) { case
MediaTypes.HTML: break ; case
MediaTypes.JSON: return
JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Model>(data); case
MediaTypes.TEXT: return
new
Model { name = ModelUtility.ParseText(data, "name" ), status = ModelUtility.ParseText(data, "status" ) }; case
MediaTypes.XML: return
Utility.XmlSerilizer.Deserialize<Model>(data); case
MediaTypes.UNKNOWN: break ; default : break ; } return
null ; } private
HttpResponseMessage BuildFailureResponse( string
message) { var
result = new
response { success = false , message = message }; return
Request.CreateResponse<response>(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, result); } } } |
上面那个控制器可以处理RESTful API涉及group的请求。具体下面再谈。
回到我们已经创建Self-Host的Windows Service项目,里面添加引用Autofac.dll和Autofac.Integration.WebApi.dll。此外,可能还需要一些引用,我这里的列表如下:
然后在Windows Service项目里面添加一个类,内容如下:
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using
System.Reflection; using
System.Web.Http; using
Autofac; using
Autofac.Integration.WebApi; namespace
myCompany { public
class
AutofacWebAPI { public
static
void
Initialize(HttpConfiguration config) { config.DependencyResolver = new
AutofacWebApiDependencyResolver( RegisterServices( new
ContainerBuilder()) ); } private
static
IContainer RegisterServices(ContainerBuilder builder) { builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()).PropertiesAutowired(); builder.RegisterType<GroupController>().As<IGroupController>(); return
builder.Build(); } } } |
主要就是用来aufoFac初始化和注册类型。然后在Windows service里面调用:
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public
partial
class
Service : ServiceBase { private
HttpSelfHostServer _server; private
readonly
HttpSelfHostConfiguration _config; public
Service() { InitializeComponent(); _config = new
HttpSelfHostConfiguration(_serviceAddress); _config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( "DefaultApi" , "notifications/{controller}/{id}" , new
{ id = RouteParameter.Optional }); } protected
override
void
OnStart( string [] args) { /* Start self-host Web API */ AutofacWebAPI.Initialize(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); _server = new
HttpSelfHostServer(_config); _server.OpenAsync(); } } |
就这么简单。此外,你还可以用其他的DependencyResolver方式,具体参考autoFac官方文档:https://code.google.com/p/autofac/wiki/WebApiIntegration
最后如何测试呢?
HTTP POST http://localhost:8080/notifications/group/update
post body (text/plain): name=abc&status=CANCELLED
post body
(application/json): "{\"name\":\"abc\",\"status\":\"CANCELLED\"}";
post
body (application/xml):
@"<myc:root
xmlns:myc=""http://api.abc.com/Platform/1.0"">
<myc:name>abc</myc:name>
<myc:status>CANCELLED</myc:status>
</myc:root>";
看不懂的,可看代码。支持text/json/xml多种参数格式。RESTful API测试可以用Chrome插件:Postman REST Client。
ASP.NET WEB API的服务托管(Self-HOST)
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/Mainz/p/3534054.html