const

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    const int N=100;
    int const N=100; //二者等价
    int mark=0;
    //1
    int* ref_mark=&mark;
    int* const book1=ref_mark;//指针book1是个常量，并没有说明这个指针指向的int值是个常量
    const int* book2=ref_mark;//指针book2是个指针类型的常量
    cout<<"N1:"<<N1<<endl;
    cout<<"N2:"<<N2<<endl;

    *book1=10;
    cout<<*book1<<endl;
    *book2=20;
    /*
    |error: assignment of read-only location ‘* book2’|
    const int *book2=ref_mark
    */
    cout<<*book1<<endl;
    cout<<*book2<<endl;

    //2
    typedef char* CHARS;
    
    typedef CHARS const CPTR;    
    //替换后
    typedef char * const CPTR;
    //仍然是指向char类型的常量指针
    
    typedef const CHARS CPTR;   
    //替换后
    typedef const char * CPTR;
    //是指向char类型的指针

}

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const

原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/jianfengyun/p/3714569.html