Spring ，版本4.3.2
1，异常信息：
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractApplicationContext.java:160)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractApplicationContext.java:224)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:88)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext.java:58)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:61)
at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:136)
at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
添加：commons-logging-1.2.jar
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangzhi19861216/p/5747321.html