1、本次试验主要是通过nginx代理到tomcat处理动态响应；
2、通过httpd代理到tomcat做动态请求的处理；
3、通过httpd和tomcat实现session会话的绑定；
4、通过httpd和tomcat实现session会话的保持；
5、通过httpd实现tomcat负载均衡效果；
一、LNMT的试验配置
LNMT：
| 主机 | IP |
| haproxy | 192.168.0.111 node1.soul.com |
| varnish | 192.168.0.112 node2.soul.com |
| nginx+tomcat | 192.168.0.113 node3.soul.com |
| httpd | 192.168.0.114 node4.soul.com |
1）配置haproxy
#直接yum安装haproxy即可；
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend main *:80
acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .html .htm
acl url_dynamic path_end -i .jsp .do
use_backend static if url_static
use_backend dynamic if url_dynamic
default_backend static
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend static
balance roundrobin
server static 192.168.0.112:80 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend dynamic
balance roundrobin
server node3 192.168.0.113:80 check
[root@node1 ~]# service haproxy start
Starting haproxy: [ OK ]
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tunl | grep 80
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
#测试启动正常2）配置varnish：
#安装就不介绍；前面有介绍
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/varnish
VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=80 更改监听端口
#
# # Telnet admin interface listen address and port
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_PORT=6082
#
# # Shared secret file for admin interface
VARNISH_SECRET_FILE=/etc/varnish/secret
#
# # The minimum number of worker threads to start
VARNISH_MIN_THREADS=50
#
# # The Maximum number of worker threads to start
VARNISH_MAX_THREADS=1000
#
# # Idle timeout for worker threads
VARNISH_THREAD_TIMEOUT=120
#
# # Cache file location
VARNISH_STORAGE_FILE=/var/lib/varnish/varnish_storage.bin
#
# # Cache file size: in bytes, optionally using k / M / G / T suffix,
# # or in percentage of available disk space using the % suffix.
VARNISH_STORAGE_SIZE=1G
#
# # Backend storage specification
#VARNISH_STORAGE="file,${VARNISH_STORAGE_FILE},${VARNISH_STORAGE_SIZE}"
VARNISH_STORAGE="malloc,100M" 更改存储类型3）配置vcl文件：
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/varnish/test.vcl
backend static {
.host = "192.168.0.114";
.port = "80";
}
acl purgers {
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.0.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if(req.request == "PURGE") {
if(!client.ip ~ purgers) {
error 405 "Method not allowd.";
}
}
if (req.restarts == 0) {
if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) {
set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip;
} else {
set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip;
}
}
return(lookup);
}
sub vcl_hit {
if(req.request == "PURGE") {
purge;
error 200 "Purged Success.";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if(req.request == "PURGE") {
purge;
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_pass {
if(req.request == "PURGE") {
error 502 "Purged on a passed object.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
if(req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|jpeg)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 7200s;
}
if(req.url ~ "\.(html|htm|css|js)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 1200s;
}
}
sub vcl_deliver {
if (obj.hits > 0) {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT from " + server.ip;
}else {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS";
}
}4）编译启用：
[root@node2 ~]# varnishadm -S /etc/varnish/secret -T 127.0.0.1:6082 varnish> vcl.load test2 test.vcl 200 VCL compiled. varnish> vcl.use test2 200 varnish>
提供静态页面：
[root@node4 ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@node4 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html <h1>This is static page!IP:192.168.0.114</h1>
5）配置nginx和tomcat：
#安装不做说明；配置nginx
[root@node3 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
#在location中定义proxy_pass即可
location / {
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://192.168.0.113:8080; #全部代理到后端8080端口
}配置tomcat
#安装不做说明；也无需做配置；安装完成后启动即可 [root@node3 conf]# ll /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1288 May 11 18:28 /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat [root@node3 conf]# [root@node3 conf]# service tomcat start Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar [root@node3 ~]# ss -tunl | grep 8080 tcp LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
提供jsp页面文件
[root@node3 ROOT]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT
[root@node3 ROOT]# vim dynamic.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test page.</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("This is dynamic page!"); %>
</body>
</html>6）测试访问：
测试访问正常；动静分离正常。到此LNMT配置完成。mysql可以安装测试与LAMP大致相同。
二、LAMT的配置：
大致规划：
| 主机 | IP |
| haproxy | 192.168.0.111 node1.soul.com |
| varnish | 192.168.0.112 node2.soul.com |
| httpd | 192.168.0.113 node3.soul.com |
| httpd+tomcat | 192.168.0.114 node4.soul.com |
| tomcat | 192.168.0.115 node5.soul.com |
这里是接着上面的配置来的；所以关于haproxy和varnish的配置不做说明了；重点来看httpd和tomcat的整合和负载均衡；其中对应的IP需要更改下：
haproxy:
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend dynamic
balance roundrobin
server node4 192.168.0.114:80 check #这里的后端更改为114主机node2上的varnish：
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/varnish/test.vcl
backend static {
.host = "192.168.0.113";
.port = "80";
}重新编译后测试即可.
基于Apache做为Tomcat前端的架构来讲，Apache通过mod_jk、mod_jk2或mod_proxy模块与后端的Tomcat进行数据交换。而对Tomcat来说，每个Web容器实例都有一个Java语言开发的连接器模块组件，在Tomcat6中，这个连接器是org.apache.catalina.Connector类。这个类的构造器可以构造两种类别的连接器：HTTP/1.1负责响应基于HTTP/HTTPS协议的请求，AJP/1.3负责响应基于AJP的请求。但可以简单地通过在server.xml配置文件中实现连接器的创建，但创建时所使用的类根据系统是支持APR(Apache Portable Runtime)而有所不同。
APR是附加在提供了通用和标准API的操作系统之上一个通讯层的本地库的集合，它能够为使用了APR的应用程序在与Apache通信时提供较好伸缩能力时带去平衡效用。
同时，需要说明的是，mod_jk2模块目前已经不再被支持了，mod_jk模块目前还apache被支持，但其项目活跃度已经大大降低。因此，目前更常用 的方式是使用mod_proxy模块。
本次以mod_proxy模块做实验：
1）配置node4上的httpd和tomcat：
#配置httpd;基于mod_proxy模块与后端tomcat联系；这里直接为mod_proxy模块写一个单独的配置文件：
[root@node4 conf.d]# pwd
/etc/httpd/conf.d
[root@node4 conf.d]# vim mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia on
ProxyRequests off
ProxyPreserveHost on
<proxy balancer://lb> #定义一个组
BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.114:8009 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.115:8009 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
</proxy> #组内使用ajp协议进行后端代理
ProxyPass / balancer://lb/ #代理到后端的组
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/
#tomcat的安装就不再赘述；提供node4和node5上的页面文件：
[root@node4 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/dynamic.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@node5 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/dynamic.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatB</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue">TomcatB </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
#完成后重启httpd测试。
测试haproxy的地址192.168.0.111同样生效：
2）绑定session会话和开启负载均衡管理界面：
#更改httpd代理的配置文件
[root@node4 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia on
ProxyRequests off
ProxyPreserveHost on
<proxy balancer://lb>
BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.114:8009 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA
BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.115:8009 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB
</proxy>
<Location /lbmanager> #定义负载均衡管理界面
SetHandler balancer-manager
</Location>
ProxyPass /lbmanager ! #该界面是不做代理
ProxyPass / balancer://lb/ stickysession=JSESSIONID #开启session绑定
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/
#除了httpd配置文件；还需要更改tomcat的配置文件；后端两个节点都需要对应的更改：
[root@node4 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">
#在该行添加jvmRoute="TomcatA"这条信息；node5对应添加为TomcatB重启httpd和tomcat测试：
可以发现后面已有session信息；且刷新页面不会在调度到TomcatA主机上。
测试管理界面也是正常的。可以在此处做简单的管理操作。
3）下面配置tomcat的session会话集群：
由于各版本可能有差异；可以参考官方文档：http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/cluster-howto.html
#更改tomcat的配置文件；在engine段添加如下：
[root@node4 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.40.4" #广播地址
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto"
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
#完成后复制一份到node5上；对应的jvmRoute更改即可；还需在web.xml中添加：
[root@node4 ~]# cp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/
#因为本次使用的就是默认目录；所以拷贝到默认目录下；具体情况以自己的为准
[root@node4 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml
<distributable/>
#在正文空白中添加上面一行即可；同复制一份到node5；
#注释掉调度器的黏性
[root@node4 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_proxy.conf
# stickysession=JSESSIONID 注释掉或删掉即可。
#重启httpd和tomcat测试。
可以看见上述虽然节点改变了；但是sessionID还是相同的；到此实现了session会话保持。
如有错误；恳请纠正。
本文出自 “Soul” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://chenpipi.blog.51cto.com/8563610/1409622
LNMT/LAMT实现动静分离、负载均衡和会话保持,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文：http://chenpipi.blog.51cto.com/8563610/1409622