1）实验拓扑信息
mysql版本：5.5.32（基于源代码安装）
系统版本：CentOS6.7
10.10.10.129: mysql的主服务器
10.10.10.130: mysql的从服务器
目的：
本地主从：
10.10.10.129 3306 --> 10.10.10.10.129 3307
异地主从：
10.10.10.129 3306 --> 10.10.10.10.130 3306
2）主库上的配置
a、准备mysql的测试环境
先准备好mysql多实例环境，之前我已经写过博客，这里就不重复了，可以参考http://molewan.blog.51cto.com/287340/1860198
b、在主库（10.10.10.129）上开启binlog记录功能
# grep server-id /data/3306/my.cnf server-id = 1 # grep server-id /data/3307/my.cnf server-id = 3 # grep log-bin /data/3306/my.cnf log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
登陆数据库进行查看：
# mysql -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 mysql> show variables like ‘log_bin‘; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
c、建立用于主从复制的账号
# mysql -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rep‘@‘10.10.10.%‘ identified by ‘redhat12345‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+------------+ | user | host | +------+------------+ | wan | % | | rep | 10.10.10.% | | wan | 10.10.10.% | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | | C67-X64-A8 | | root | C67-X64-A8 | | | localhost | | root | localhost | +------+------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user=‘rep‘; +------+------------+ | user | host | +------+------------+ | rep | 10.10.10.% | +------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
d、实现对主数据库锁表只读（当前窗口不要关闭）
mysql> flush table with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 重新打开一个窗口，锁表后查看主库状态： # mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 337 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
e、使用mysqldump进行数据库备份：
# mysqldump -uroot -p‘redhat12345‘ -S /data/3306/mysql.sock --events -A -B |gzip >/mysqlback/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz # echo $? 0 # ls -l /mysqlback/ 总用量 144 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144402 10月 9 02:54 mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz # du -sh /mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz 144K/mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz 为了确保导出数据期间，数据库没有数据插入，导库完毕可以再次检查主库状态信息 # mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 -e "show master status" +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 337 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
f、导出数据完毕后，解锁主库，恢复可写
mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
3）从库上的配置
a、10.10.10.129 3307数据库上的配置
# cd /mysqlback/ # ls mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz # gzip -d mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz # ls mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql # mysql -uroot -p‘redhat12345‘ -S /data/3307/mysql.sock </mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql # echo $? 0 # mysql -uroot -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -p‘redhat12345‘<<EOF change master to master_host=‘10.10.10.129‘, master_port=3306, master_user=‘rep‘, master_password=‘redhat12345‘, master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000004‘, master_log_pos=337; EOF mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.10.10.129 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 337 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 337 Relay_Log_Space: 403 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
主从复制是否成功，最关键的为下面的3项状态参数：
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running|_Behind_Master" Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
b、10.10.10.130 3306数据库上的配置
# mkdir -p /mysqlback/ # scp /mysqlbackup/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz 10.10.10.130:/mysqlback # gzip -d mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz # ls mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql # mysql -uroot -p‘redhat12345‘ -S /data/3306/mysql.sock </mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql # echo $? 0 # mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -p‘redhat12345‘<<EOF change master to master_host=‘10.10.10.129‘, master_port=3306, master_user=‘rep‘, master_password=‘redhat12345‘, master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000004‘, master_log_pos=337; EOF mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.10.10.129 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 337 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 337 Relay_Log_Space: 403 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
在10.10.10.130服务器上检查
主从复制是否成功，最关键的为下面的3项状态参数：
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running|_Behind_Master" Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
4）mysql主从同步测试
在10.10.10.129上查看数据库：
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh410 | +--------------------+ [root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh410 | +--------------------+
在10.10.10.130上查看数据库：
[root@mysql-slave mysqlbackup]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh410 | +--------------------+
通过对比，可以发现，数据库完全一致，然后我们在主库上新建一个blog的数据库
[root@mysql-master mysqlback]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | blog | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh410 | +--------------------+ [root@mysql-slave mysqlbackup]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | blog | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh410 | +--------------------+ 主从同步到此完成
5）注意事项
1）master与slave中的server-id要保持唯一 2）备份导出前要使用“flush table with read lock;”让数据库锁表只读，并且这个窗口不要关闭 3）slave上要start slave；接收信息 4）master与slave时间要保持一致
本文出自 “冰冻vs西瓜” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://molewan.blog.51cto.com/287340/1860649
原文：http://molewan.blog.51cto.com/287340/1860649