大纲:
一、前言
二、搭建Git服务器
yum安装Git服务器
创建一个git用户,用来运行git服务
创建客户端登录证书
初始化Git仓库
禁用shell登录
克隆远程仓库
三、安装客户端
Windows 客户端
Linux 客户端
四、总结
注,测试机 CentOS 5.5 x86_64,Git 服务器版本:git version 1.8.2.1,客户端版本:git version 1.9.2.msysgit.0。所有软件请到这里下载:http://msysgit.github.io/。
一、前言
在上一篇博客中我们主要讲解Git是什么,Git的基本原理,讲解一些有关Git的基础知识,让我们简单的了解一下Git,当然我们还有很多问题没有搞清楚,嘿嘿!不管理怎么样,在我们弄清楚这些问题之前,我们得有台Git服务器是吧,嘿嘿!好了,下面我们就来一起搭建一台Git服务器。
二、搭建Git服务器
1.yum安装Git服务器
[root@git ~]# cd src/ [root@git src]# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm [root@git src]# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package epel-release-5-4.noarch is already installed [root@git ~]# yum list [root@git ~]# yum install -y git
2.创建一个git用户,用来运行git服务
[root@git ~]# adduser git
3.创建客户端登录证书
注,收集所有需要登录的用户的公钥,就是他们自己生成的id_rsa.pub文件,把所有公钥复制到/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys文件里,一行一个。嘿嘿!
1).客户端生成id_rsa.pub文件的命令
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa $ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC
注,一路回车即可,将生成的id_rsa.pub,复制给管理员,帮你在服务器上增加一下,下次你用git时就不需要输入用户名和密码了。
2).查看服务器上authorized_keys文件
[root@git ~]# cat /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwMU4FKB6NRc3XSoIunWsdvVVuSoncbVb5Al6lB3ciswBVd++YmJFhqwkITNGccrO5sycROs9+Fbjgd6oBSzNuaBtCIbwNNsEyM/henTl2euI3XsnJQ/ITr6c/q0P3WoGl4E2QFQ2kZqs+1eDC0CgHcBrqvFv1Jr414sVYK9lfZwIF+jDdtaBOrSJuq1Agx9pGUFUEB4tQfkXxsWm/MvOmKAVvduKDE1eenUEL9zzyeELPcSXLe3NOoTjZhkX6EEXxQR1ZiZRFywLpfM4qopZ10to2KIUyVtzw6hx6V3cg7kn40lYVW0EAMATw9dVldwcRUI+kJzJSKUTKDVSwY3/+Q== root@CHENMINGQIAN ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsmmJuR+KhRSpdSirCiL30RA8WbfgicY1z7itWVnKHJW6hTuJFhzruY59FilVjJR1hbQBluP9JnK3XPSK9PSg+bwiJ2iQRa39rXck35r+trVOLyNbPyfKVRfOemD8YuykMlyr5JeW8gZjsHEuLnJ8//RiCiYzd3RT/SSUQ4yawDoIIWkz3eUSL09xoCRZFBsAp+S/LD3vx2MN+FNOHwvqcE+yK3oRNIqjWwLoKE0e5TRnqNgrPQ95PJYB3XPUulzaeMwsWPZs7jIUMl/5yEqSgAkioa8SVMOsikYJG/erv99NNVgFmpCBIiWqKEGkNrIpYzLLHDSYQ4g5Gbci/RZ54Q== Administrator@WIN2003X323 ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC
说明:我这里有三个用户登录服务器,所以我这里就有三个ssh-rsa,大家可以看一下。
4.初始化Git仓库
注,先选定一个目录作为Git仓库,这里是/data/git/project.git。
[root@git ~]# cd /data/git/ [root@git git]# git init --bare project.git [root@git project.git]# ls branches config description HEAD hooks index info objects refs
执行以上命令 Git命令,会创建一个裸仓库,裸仓库没有工作区,因为服务器上的Git仓库纯粹是为了共享,所以不让用户直接登录到服务器上去改工作区,并且服务器上的Git仓库通常都以.git结尾。然后,把owner改为git:
[root@git git]# chown -R git.git project.git [root@git git]# ls -l 总计 4 drwxr-xr-x 7 git git 4096 05-09 13:50 project.git
5.禁用shell登录
注,出于安全考虑,第二步创建的git用户不允许登录shell,这可以通过编辑/etc/passwd文件完成。找到类似下面的一行:
[root@git ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep git git:x:1001:1001:git version control:/home/git:/bin/bash
改为:
[root@git ~]# vim /etc/passwd git:x:1001:1001:git version control:/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell
这样,git用户可以正常通过ssh使用git,但无法登录shell,因为我们为git用户指定的git-shell每次一登录就自动退出。
6.克隆远程仓库
注,现在可以通过git clone命令克隆远程仓库了,在各自的电脑上运行:
注,$ git clone git@git.jjhh.com:/data/git/project.git,其中git用户名,git.jjhh.com服务器,/data/git/prgject.git是仓库路径。好了,到这里服务器的搭建到这里就完成了,下面我们来安装一下客户端。
三、安装客户端
1.Windows 客户端
1).下载客户端
注,大家到这里下载http://msysgit.github.io/。下面简单演示一下安装过程,比较简单:
好了,到这里就安装完成了,安装好以后会在桌面上有个图标,你双击打开即可。如下图:
2.Linux 客户端
注,Linux客户端安装就比较简单了,直接用yum安装一下就好!
[root@test ~]# yum install -y git
到这里git就安装完成了,下面我们查看一下版本:
[root@test ~]# git --version git version 1.8.2.
下面我们生成公钥并复制到服务器上:
[root@test ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory ‘/root/.ssh‘. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 48:3c:22:76:02:f1:a2:e5:27:22:cb:4f:a7:a0:98:9d root@test.com [root@test ~]# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwrmgNAca77BKzXl6BP11fdaclAoWfW+x4kPDZMPj1zFoML9JfOAS7DGY9quLMitwwfg5+U7zP/egPmAhSKCECubmodzMucnRSkJGgKCt1SlctRNDRN3OIvrecAtdZfDcBaWKLjaVzGPmhweLhr6HzfqeZU09Ccis4yK3RMwip2f+K1ZZVIOKUmL4AVFl9dqtxnQ4HlW61PUxvM/ug2M68Z0jQk5DVG8w5+dvGqX1qr5YABD1NX5Jz6aUbVVx7yyoORENxu6SK83GI/V7eOkrvBMDh9nDdwvDhPhuhBDSfE+Xi92hPJPKdNroF1vx8HMvpHME20MmjSwavPrz+B18MQ== root@test.com
下面我们复制id_rsa.pub里的公钥到服务器的authorized_keys文件中。
[root@git ~]# su git bash-3.2$ cd bash-3.2$ vim .ssh/authorized_keys ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwMU4FKB6NRc3XSoIunWsdvVVuSoncbVb5Al6lB3ciswBVd++YmJFhqwkITNGccrO5sycROs9+Fbjgd6oBSzNuaBtCIbwNNsEyM/henTl2euI3XsnJQ/ITr6c/q0P3WoGl4E2QFQ2kZqs+1eDC0CgHcBrqvFv1Jr414sVYK9lfZwIF+jDdtaBOrSJuq1Agx9pGUFUEB4tQfkXxsWm/MvOmKAVvduKDE1eenUEL9zzyeELPcSXLe3NOoTjZhkX6EEXxQR1ZiZRFywLpfM4qopZ10to2KIUyVtzw6hx6V3cg7kn40lYVW0EAMATw9dVldwcRUI+kJzJSKUTKDVSwY3/+Q== root@CHENMINGQIAN ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsmmJuR+KhRSpdSirCiL30RA8WbfgicY1z7itWVnKHJW6hTuJFhzruY59FilVjJR1hbQBluP9JnK3XPSK9PSg+bwiJ2iQRa39rXck35r+trVOLyNbPyfKVRfOemD8YuykMlyr5JeW8gZjsHEuLnJ8//RiCiYzd3RT/SSUQ4yawDoIIWkz3eUSL09xoCRZFBsAp+S/LD3vx2MN+FNOHwvqcE+yK3oRNIqjWwLoKE0e5TRnqNgrPQ95PJYB3XPUulzaeMwsWPZs7jIUMl/5yEqSgAkioa8SVMOsikYJG/erv99NNVgFmpCBIiWqKEGkNrIpYzLLHDSYQ4g5Gbci/RZ54Q== Administrator@WIN2003X323 ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw== leo@LEO-PC ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwrmgNAca77BKzXl6BP11fdaclAoWfW+x4kPDZMPj1zFoML9JfOAS7DGY9quLMitwwfg5+U7zP/egPmAhSKCECubmodzMucnRSkJGgKCt1SlctRNDRN3OIvrecAtdZfDcBaWKLjaVzGPmhweLhr6HzfqeZU09Ccis4yK3RMwip2f+K1ZZVIOKUmL4AVFl9dqtxnQ4HlW61PUxvM/ug2M68Z0jQk5DVG8w5+dvGqX1qr5YABD1NX5Jz6aUbVVx7yyoORENxu6SK83GI/V7eOkrvBMDh9nDdwvDhPhuhBDSfE+Xi92hPJPKdNroF1vx8HMvpHME20MmjSwavPrz+B18MQ== root@test.com
下面我们clone一个仓库到本地的目录中。
[root@test ~]# cd /data/dev [root@test dev]# git clone git@git.jjhh.com:/data/git/project.git Cloning into ‘project‘... The authenticity of host ‘git.jjhh.com (114.112.173.150)‘ can‘t be established. RSA key fingerprint is ca:ec:a2:7e:e6:89:ca:19:d3:93:7f:4b:c3:c0:c7:fd. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added ‘git.jjhh.com,114.112.173.150‘ (RSA) to the list of known hosts. remote: Counting objects: 50, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (42/42), done. remote: Total 50 (delta 21), reused 0 (delta 0) Receiving objects: 100% (50/50), 4.02 KiB, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (21/21), done. [root@test dev]# ls project [root@test dev]# cd project/ [root@test project]# ls index.html
好了,到这里我们的git客户端到这里就全部安装完成了。
四、总结
Q&A,有什么问题欢迎大家交流讨论。最后,希望大家有所收获^_^……
本文出自 “Share your knowledge …” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://freeloda.blog.51cto.com/2033581/1410562
Git 服务器搭建与客户端安装,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文:http://freeloda.blog.51cto.com/2033581/1410562