使用spring集成其他技术,最基本的配置都是模板化的,比如配置视图模板引擎、数据库连接池、orm框架、缓存服务、邮件服务、rpc调用等,以spring的xml配置为例,我将这些配置过程整理出来,并不时更新,以备参考!
在普通的java工程中引入spring,只需要配置以下依赖
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<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version></dependency> |
实际开发中,如果你用了log4j等日志框架,最好排除掉spring对commons-logging的依赖,写demo就不用了
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<exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion></exclusions> |
建一个spring-conf.xml,放在src/main/java目录(也就是所有包和类的根目录,即classpath),内容如下
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean class="com.xmyself.Test" /></beans> |
建一个Test.java类,这个类就是spring-conf.xml文件中定义的那个bean
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package com.xmyself;public class Test { public void test() { System.out.println("spring is running"); }} |
写带有main方法的主类
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package com.xmyself;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { @SuppressWarnings("resource") ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-conf.xml"); Test test = context.getBean(Test.class); test.test(); }} |
运行Main,就能看到“spring is running”输出,spring配置完成
spring mvc是配置在web工程中的,使用spring mvc也只要配置一个依赖
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<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version></dependency> |
整一个Test.java类,这是个controller
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package com.xmyself.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;@Controllerpublic class Test { @RequestMapping("/test") @ResponseBody public String test() { return "spring mvc running"; }} |
在src/main/resources目录下建一个spring目录,里面放一个mvc-init.xml,内容如下
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.xmyself.controller" /></beans> |
这个配置文件扫描了Test.java,最后修改web.xml来加载这个配置文件
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5"> <display-name>spring3mvc</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:/spring/mvc-init.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app> |
初始化DispatcherServlet如果没有指定xml文件地址,spring默认去WEB-INF目录找[servlet-name]-servlet.xml,这里就是spring-servlet.xml
启动工程,浏览器访问 http:localhost:8080/springmvc/test 就能看到返回 test 值了,spring mvc配置完成
spring mvc通常要配置模板引擎,因为jsp太复杂了,而且有损mvc模型
freemarker是一种严格遵循mvc模型的模板引擎,现在介绍它的spring mvc中的配置
首先配置依赖
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<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId> <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId> <version>2.3.23</version></dependency> |
为什么要依赖spring-context-support?因为freemarker使用的视图解析器是由spring提供的,这个解析器就在spring-context-support的jar中,下面的配置过程会让你明白,在spring mvc的mvc-init.xml中配置freemarker
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<!-- freemarker config --><bean id="freemarkerConfig" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer"> <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/page/" /></bean><bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver"> <property name="suffix" value=".ftl" /> <property name="contentType" value="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /></bean> |
配置freemarker的本质是初始化上面的两个bean,所以,你可以把这段配置写在任意的xml文件,只要spring mvc能加载就行
在WEB-INF目录建一个page目录,里面放一个freemarker.ftl文件,内容只有一句话“freemarker page 中文乱码测试”
最后,在控制器写一个方法
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@RequestMapping("/freemarker")public String freemarker() { return "freemarker";} |
启动工程,访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/freemarker 就能看到“freemarker page 中文乱码测试”这句话了
thymeleaf也是一个mvc模型的模板引擎,它的后缀是.html,所以thymeleaf模板的好处是不用渲染就能看到内容,现在spring也是推荐用thymeleaf作为spring mvc的模板引擎
配置依赖
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<dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring3</artifactId> <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version></dependency> |
这是thymeleaf与spring连接用的jar,它依赖了thymeleaf的jar,对于spring3和spring4,thymeleaf的依赖是不同的,配置也稍有不同,这点要注意,下面就开始配置thymeleaf
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<!-- thymeleaf config --><bean id="templateResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".html" /> <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5" /></bean><bean id="templateEngine" class="org.thymeleaf.spring3.SpringTemplateEngine"> <property name="templateResolver" ref="templateResolver" /></bean><bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring3.view.ThymeleafViewResolver"> <property name="templateEngine" ref="templateEngine" /> <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" /></bean> |
这段配置放在spring mvc能读到的任意xml文件都可以
在WEB-INF目录建一个page目录,里面放一个thymeleaf.html,内容只有一行“thymeleaf page 中文乱码测试”
最后,在控制器写一个方法
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@RequestMapping("/thymeleaf")public String thymeleaf() { return "thymeleaf";} |
启动工程,访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/thymeleaf就能看到“thymeleafpage 中文乱码测试”这句话了
可能用dbcp、c3p0连接池的人多一点,其实tomcat pool更好,具体怎么好请google,下面介绍针对mysql数据库的配置过程
配置依赖
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<dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.27</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-jdbc</artifactId> <version>7.0.73</version></dependency> |
tomcat-jdbc依赖了tomcat-juli,所以如果你在eclipse中为工程加入了tomcat的库,还需要单独加一个tomcat-juli的jar
下面整一个Main.java来测试连接
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package com.xmyself;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.Statement;import org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource;import org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PoolProperties;public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { PoolProperties p = new PoolProperties(); p.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql"); p.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); p.setUsername("root"); p.setPassword("root"); p.setJmxEnabled(true); p.setTestWhileIdle(false); p.setTestOnBorrow(true); p.setValidationQuery("SELECT 1"); p.setTestOnReturn(false); p.setValidationInterval(30000); p.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(30000); p.setMaxActive(100); p.setInitialSize(10); p.setMaxWait(10000); p.setRemoveAbandonedTimeout(60); p.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(30000); p.setMinIdle(10); p.setLogAbandoned(true); p.setRemoveAbandoned(true); p.setJdbcInterceptors("org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState;" + "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer"); DataSource datasource = new DataSource(); datasource.setPoolProperties(p); Connection con = null; try { con = datasource.getConnection(); Statement st = con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from user"); int cnt = 1; while (rs.next()) { System.out.println((cnt++) + ". Host:" + rs.getString("Host") + " User:" + rs.getString("User") + " Password:" + rs.getString("Password")); } rs.close(); st.close(); } finally { if (con != null) try { con.close(); } catch (Exception ignore) { } } }} |
这个例子是tomcat官方文档给出的,运行结果如下
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1. Host:localhost User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B2. Host:127.0.0.1 User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B3. Host:::1 User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B4. Host:localhost User: Password:5. Host:% User:root Password:*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
那spring怎么集成tomcat pool呢?配置xml让spring加载就好了
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<bean id="datasource" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql" /> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="username" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /></bean> |
这里配置的属性与官方例子set方法中的属性完全相同,其余的我就不配置了
然后写一个测试,这里以spring mvc为例,写一个controller,具体代码与上例相同
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@Controllerpublic class Test { @Autowired private DataSource datasource; @RequestMapping("/test") @ResponseBody public String test() throws Exception { Connection con = datasource.getConnection(); // 拿到con就可以操作了 return "spring mvc running"; }} |
mybatis轻量级,配置简单,使用方便,我们在tomcat pool基础上来配置,当然,使用tomcat pool配置只是为了得到dataSource,如果你用dbcp、c3p0等连接池,只要修改下这个dataSource的配置就好,mybatis本身的配置不用修改
配置依赖
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<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.4.1</version></dependency> |
我们定义一个TestDao.java接口,这就是mybatis要实现的东西
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package com.xmyself.dao;public interface TestDao { public String test();} |
在src/main/resources目录建一个mapper目录,里面放一个TestDao.xml,内容如下
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><mapper namespace="com.xmyself.dao.TestDao"> <select id="test" resultType="java.lang.String"> select "test" </select></mapper> |
mybatis通过一个xml文件实现了TestDao.java接口,很显然,这个实现过程肯定要用到dataSource,接下来的配置就是将TestDao.java、TestDao.xml、dataSource三者关联起来,在spring的xml配置文件(哪个配置文件没关系,只要spring能加载)添加如下内容
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<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql" /> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="username" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /></bean><bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:mapper/*.xml" /></bean><bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="com.xmyself.dao" /> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" /></bean> |
这个配置我其实有点疑惑,TestDao.xml中有对TestDao.java接口的声明,所以应该只需要将dataSource与TestDao.xml做关联就够了,但实际上我没有找到这种方式
这时候启动工程,spring加载过程会报错,其实我是故意的,^_^
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Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean |
因为spring内部没有直接对mybatis的支持,所以需要依赖中间层jar包,另外,还需要spring-jdbc提供对dao的支持
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<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.0</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version></dependency> |
我们整一个类来测试吧,还是以spring mvc为例,整一个controller
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@Controllerpublic class Test { @Autowired private TestDao testDao; @RequestMapping("/test") @ResponseBody public String test() throws Exception { System.out.println(testDao.test()); return "spring mvc running"; }} |
浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test 就能看到后台输出“test”,mybatis配置完成
redis是一种key-value非关系型数据库,特点是运行于内存中,速度快,作为缓存服务器非常不错
java对redis数据库的访问是通过jedis完成的
配置依赖
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<dependency> <groupId>redis.clients</groupId> <artifactId>jedis</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version></dependency> |
初始化jedis连接,假设redis服务器地址为:192.168.253.128,端口:6379
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<bean id="jedisPoolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig"> <property name="maxIdle" value="100" /> <property name="maxTotal" value="300" /> <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="1000" /> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="true" /></bean><bean id="jedisPool" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool"> <constructor-arg index="0" ref="jedisPoolConfig" /> <constructor-arg index="1" value="192.168.253.128" type="java.lang.String" /> <constructor-arg index="2" value="6379" type="int" /></bean> |
这段代码放在哪没关系,只要spring能加载到,注意,构造器注入一定要指明type类型
然后我们整一个类来测试,以spring mvc为例,整一个controller
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@Controllerpublic class Test { @Autowired private JedisPool pool; @RequestMapping("/test") @ResponseBody public String test() { Jedis redis = pool.getResource(); redis.set("test", "test"); System.out.println(redis.get("test")); return "spring mvc running"; }} |
浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test,就能看到后台输出“test”,jedis配置完成
dubbo是阿里巴巴开源的分布式rpc框架,现在假设服务提供方正常工作,我们只配置在spring中使用dubbo服务
配置依赖,假设dubbo使用zookeeper作为注册中心
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<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> <version>2.5.3</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.101tec</groupId> <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId> <version>0.4</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>org.apache.zookeeper</artifactId> <groupId>zookeeper</groupId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId> <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId> <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId> <version>3.4.9</version></dependency> |
在src/main/resources的spring目录放一个dubbo-client.xml,内容如下
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <!-- 服务名称 --> <dubbo:application name="dubbo-demo" /> <!-- 注册中心 --> <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="172.17.210.124:2181" /> <!-- 服务接口 --> <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="org.dubbo.demo.client.DemoService" version="0.0.1" /></beans> |
然后让spring加载dubbo-client.xml
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<import resource="classpath*:/spring/dubbo-client.xml" /> |
启动工程,DemoService接口提供的方法就可以用了,就像调用本地方法一样
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@Controllerpublic class Test{ @Autowired private DemoService demoService; @RequestMapping("/test") @ResponseBody public String test() { return demoService.test("dubbo-demo-test"); }} |
当然,服务使用者需要拿到服务提供者声明服务接口的jar,在公司内部,这通常也是一个依赖
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<dependency> <groupId>com.xmyself</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo-demo-client</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency> |
spring封装了javaMail的邮件服务,让邮件服务使用起来更简单,下面以qq邮箱为例,用spring来发送邮件
首先要配置qq邮箱,“设置”——“账户”,打开smtp服务,生成授权码,接下来用qq邮箱账号和授权码发邮件,而不是qq密码

spring的邮件服务在spring-context-support的jar中,只要配置下面两个依赖就够了
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<dependency> <groupId>javax.mail</groupId> <artifactId>mail</artifactId> <version>1.4.7</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>3.2.17.RELEASE</version></dependency> |
然后写测试代码
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package com.xmyself.mail;import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl(); mailSender.setHost("smtp.qq.com"); mailSender.setPort(587); mailSender.setUsername("573215750@qq.com"); mailSender.setPassword("dsruklozelxcbdba");//授权码 SimpleMailMessage mail = new SimpleMailMessage(); mail.setTo("573215750@qq.com"); mail.setFrom("573215750@qq.com"); mail.setSubject("test mail"); mail.setText("test mail content"); mailSender.send(mail); System.out.println("success"); }} |
运行就可以发送邮件了,但这只是非常简单的文本邮件,不包含任何样式、图片和附件,接下来介绍复杂的邮件内容怎么发送,只需要修改发送的消息类型,发送方式与设置完全不变
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MimeMessage mail = mailSender.createMimeMessage();MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mail, true);//true用来打开multipart模式,添加图片或附件helper.setTo("573215750@qq.com");helper.setFrom("573215750@qq.com");helper.setSubject("test mail");helper.setText("<html><head></head><body>" + "<h1>hello!!spring html Mail</h1>" + "<img src=\"cid:image\" />" + "</body></html>" , true);FileSystemResource image = new FileSystemResource(new File("d:/test.jpg"));helper.addInline("image", image); |
将邮件内容设置为html文本,并添加了图片,我们还可以将图片作为附件而不是显示在邮件内容中
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helper.setText("<html><head></head><body>" + "<h1>hello!!spring html Mail</h1>" + "</body></html>" , true);FileSystemResource image = new FileSystemResource(new File("d:/test.jpg"));helper.addAttachment("test.jpg", image); |
string与spring mvc集成多种技术构建复杂工程(转载)
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/fanxiumin/p/6130723.html