命令也被称作是motion
:help !
Filter commands
信息过滤 (filter)
!==>tell vim to performing a filter operation
!5G -> 从光标下向下5行执行过滤程序 (tell vim to start filter under cursor and go down 5 lines)
:.,.+4!
:10,15!sort -> 只在文件的第10行到第15行之间执行 (sort between line 10 to 15)
!! -> (filter the current line)
:.,$!sort (sort from current line to end)
!!date -> 插入当前时间 (insert current date)
A filter is a program that accepts text at standard input, changes it in some
way, and sends it to standard output. You can use the commands below to send
some text through a filter, so that it is replace by the filter output.
Examples of filters are "sort", which sorts lines alphabetically, and
"indent", which formats C program files (you need a version of indent that
works like a filter; not all versions do). The ‘shell‘ option specifies the
shell Vim uses to execute the filter command (See also the ‘shelltype‘
option). You can repeat filter commands with ".". Vim does not recognize a
comment (starting with ‘"‘) after the ":!" command.
:! -> 直接运行shell中的一个外部命令 (call any external program)
原文：http://xychong123.blog.51cto.com/2190260/1883148