设计原理
基于http协议接口的测试设计，莫过于Python的requests库，简单粗暴易理解。
设计模式
采用python的flask框架，搭建一套接口自动化测试平台。
测试用例维护：采用Excel
测试结果保存：采用MongoDb存储，HTML页面展示
相关核心代码介绍：
import xlrd
import os
# ****************************************************************
# Excel模版设置
# self.interFace = 0 #Excel中测试用例接口对应为第1列
# self.interFaceArgList = 1 #Excel中测试用例接口参数列表对应为第2列
# self.loginChoice = 2 #Excel中测试用例接口是否需要登录为第3列
# self.loginJson = 3 #Excel中测试用例接口是否需要登录为第4列
# self.titleIndex = 4 #Excel中测试用例标题行索引为第5列
# self.caseBegin = 5 #Excel中测试用例开始行索引为第6列
# ****************************************************************
class ExcelSheet:
def __init__(self, sFile, interFace=0, interFaceArgList=1, loginInterFace=2, loginJson = 3, titleIndex=4, caseBegin=5):
try:
excel = xlrd.open_workbook(sFile)
except Exception as e:
print e
exit()
self.sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0) # 查询Excel的第一个sheet
self.interFace = interFace
self.interFaceArgList = interFaceArgList
self.loginInterFace = loginInterFace
self.titleIndex = titleIndex
self.caseBegin = caseBegin
self.loginJson = loginJson
def sheet_name(self):
return self.sheets.name
def nrows(self):
return self.sheet.nrows
def ncols(self):
return self.sheet.ncols
def cellxy(self, rowx, colx):
# type: (object, object) -> object
cell_value = self.sheet.cell(rowx, colx).value
# 对数字的处理
if self.sheet.cell(rowx, colx).ctype in (2, 3) and int(cell_value) == cell_value:
cell_value = int(cell_value)
return cell_value
# interFace 测试接口URL
def get_interFace(self):
return self.cellxy(self.interFace, 1)
# interFace接口的参数List
def get_interFaceArgList(self):
return self.cellxy(self.interFaceArgList, 1).split("#")
# 测试用例的参数项
def get_titleIndex(self):
return self.sheet.row_values(self.titleIndex)
# 登录的接口地址
def get_loginInterFace(self):
return self.cellxy(self.loginInterFace, 1)
# 获取登录接口参数的json
def get_loginJson(self):
return str(self.cellxy(self.loginJson, 1))
# 返回单行用例的数据字典
def get_by_line(self, line):
tempdict = dict()
data = dict()
if line < self.caseBegin:
return False
else:
for col in range(self.ncols()):
if self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col) in self.get_interFaceArgList():
if self.cellxy(line, col) != ‘X‘:
data[self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col)] = self.cellxy(line, col)
else:
tempdict[self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col)] = self.cellxy(line, col)
tempdict["data"] = data
return tempdict
requests的post和get请求代码：
import requests
def postRequest(url, data, cookie):
header={"Content-Type":"application/json"}
if cookie:
return requests.post(url, data=data, cookies=cookie, headers = header)
else:
return requests.post(url, data=data, headers = header)
def postRequest(url, cookie):
header={"Content-Type":"application/json"}
if cookie:
return requests.get(url, cookies=cookie, headers = header)
else:
return requests.get(url, headers = header)
def checkReturnResult(req_result):
try:
realResult = eval(req_result)
except:
return False
else:
return req_result
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pymongo
class ConMongoDb:
#读取配置文件
def __init__(self):
MongoIP="192.168.X.XXX"
MongoPort=27017
#链接MongoDb
self.conn = pymongo.Connection(MongoIP, MongoPort)
#选择数据库
self.db = self.conn.test
self.collection = self.db.SocketTest
‘‘‘
# **************************************************
# InsertMongo：往MongoDb插入数据
# **************************************************
‘‘‘
def InsertMongo(self, Lst):
self.collection.insert(Lst)
def close(self):
return self.conn.disconnect()
import time
ExcelSheet = ExcelSheet("104137PC.xlsx")
interFace = ExcelSheet.get_interFace()
interFaceArgList = ExcelSheet.get_interFaceArgList()
titleIndex = ExcelSheet.get_titleIndex()
loginInterFace = ExcelSheet.get_loginInterFace()
# 判断是否需要登录
if loginInterFace:
if "username" not in titleIndex or "password" not in titleIndex:
print "Test Case File not include username or password"
exit()
else:
# 获取登录接口参数的json
loginJson = ExcelSheet.get_loginJson()
caseList = list()
for line in range(5, ExcelSheet.nrows()):
lineContent = ExcelSheet.get_by_line(line)
# 获取登录后的cookie
if loginInterFace:
# 需要登录，用户名密码，替换
loginJson = loginJson.replace("#username#", lineContent["username"])
loginJson = loginJson.replace("#password#", str(lineContent["password"]))
result = postRequest(loginInterFace, eval(loginJson), False)
print result.text
cookie = result.cookies
else:
cookie = False
# reqtype 不填默认post
if lineContent.has_key("reqtype"):
if lineContent["reqtype"].upper() == "POST":
interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, lineContent["data"], cookie)
else:
interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, cookie)
else:
interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, lineContent["data"], cookie)
req_result = interFaceResult.text
# 非页面，可直接比较，也可以转换成字典进行某个value进行比较
if checkReturnResult(req_result):
if checkReturnResult(req_result) == lineContent["Except_result"]:
TestResult = "PASS"
else:
TestResult = "FAIL"
#如果返回是页面的话,就查找特殊标志词
else:
if ineContent["Except_result"] in req_result:
TestResult = "PASS"
else:
TestResult = "FAIL"
lineContent["result"] = TestResult
caseList.append(lineContent)
TestDate = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
content = {"interFace": interFace, "caseList": caseList, "testdate": TestDate}
MyngoCls = ConMongoDb()
MyngoCls.InsertMongo(content)
MyngoCls.close()
整个流程梳理：
备注：
数据存储在MongoDB，便于服务器的读取及展示，本次主要介绍接口自动化的核心模块。
下一章介绍：Python + flask 搭建接口自动化平台
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/AutoTestTiny/p/6558056.html