If you want to get into container and look around, you can use:
docker container exec
to run against a running container. And to do that, we need to know the id / name of the running container.
To get id / name of the container, we can do:
docker container ls
For example, the name of the container is called: elegant_noether.
docker container exec elegant_noether du -mh
And ‘du -mh‘ will print out the size of each folder:
$ docker container exec elegant_noether du -mh 16K ./error/include 220K ./error 44K ./build 8.0K ./htdocs 892K ./include 72K ./conf/extra 72K ./conf/original/extra 96K ./conf/original 268K ./conf 260K ./icons/small 1.3M ./icons 20K ./cgi-bin 4.5M ./modules 8.0K ./logs 1.2M ./bin 8.4M .
Running commands is cool, but we can also attach a shell to those containers and browse them just like they were a full operating system.
The -i and -t flags can be passed to the exec command to keep an interactive shell open, and you can specify the shell you want to attach after the container ID. Here we‘ll attach a standard Bash shell.
docket container exec -it elegant_noether /bin/bash
We‘re in! From the perspective of the terminal window we‘re just navigating a normal Unix system, so any commands we type will run inside of that system. Try typing that same command we just ran with exec from inside the container.
Now to check the size of each folder, we can just do:
du -mh
$ docker container exec -it elegant_noether /bin/bash root@a8c267869b0b:/usr/local/apache2# du -mh 16K ./error/include 220K ./error 44K ./build 8.0K ./htdocs 892K ./include 72K ./conf/extra 72K ./conf/original/extra 96K ./conf/original 268K ./conf 260K ./icons/small 1.3M ./icons 20K ./cgi-bin 4.5M ./modules 8.0K ./logs 1.2M ./bin 8.4M .
Another thing we can do once we’re in a container’s shell is install new programs, or packages, that aren’t part of the base image. Let’s install the fortunes package.
apt-get install -y fortunes
The package was installed in
/usr/games/fortune
It’s kind of annoying to have to type /usr/games/ before the fortune command, so let’s update the PATH environment variable in the container so that we don’t have to type all of that anymore.
PATH=$PATH:/usr/games/
Now we can export path:
export PATH
After that we can just type ‘fortune‘ to start the game
[Docker] Accessing a Container
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/Answer1215/p/6745141.html