LVS框架：
三层结构：
网络
(LVS--linux) （WWW , FTP
,STML） (GFS,OCFS2)
用户 －－ > Director
Server ---> Real Server1
Real
Server2 -->
集群文件系统
Real
Server3
软件：
浏览器
ipvsadm
httpd
↑
heartbeat(ldirectord) （脚本：lvsrc）
keepalived
Director Server ：
LVS : Linux Virtual Server 虚拟服务器，章文嵩，高吞吐量，高稳定。
IPVS：IP负载均衡核心软件，虚拟一个IP，维持一个Real Server路由表。
转发请求到Real Server，Real
Server如何返回数据
配置方法：1.ipvsadm命令
2：第三方插件或工具如ldirectord
3.：Redhat界面工具piranha
相关技术：
1、IP负载均衡技术：
VS/NAT ：Virtual Server via Network Address
Translation---网络地址转换
每次必须经过DR服务器。
VS/TUN :Virtual Server via IP Tunneling--- IP隧道
VS/DR：Virtual
Server via Direct Routing--直接路由
2、负载调度算法
轮叫调度：rr(Tound Robin)：1:1调度
加权轮叫调度：wrr(Werghted Round
Robin)
最少连接调度:Least Connections
加权最少连接调度：Weighted Least Connections
3.高可用
heartbeat主要模块：
heartbeat负责检测director server节点是否存在
，一般通过使用广播ping对方
配置文件：/etc/ha.d/ha.cf
资源文件：/etc/ha.d/haresource
认证文件：/etc/ha.d/authkeys
ldirectord
1.其配置文件能配置ipvs，并调用ipvsadm实现负载均衡
2.检测real server看是否存在，维护ipvsadm的路由表。
配置文件：/etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf
日志文件：/var/log/ldirectord.log
stonith：（shut the other node in the
head）不能检测到心跳时，通过串口连接的对方的stonith设备关断对方电源防止脑裂。（双方的服务都在开启同时使用资源）
keepalived
piranha：
----部署流程---
*************************安装IPVS**************************
1.modprobe -l |grep ipvs
查看内核是否支持LVS的IPVS模块
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_dh.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_ftp.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_lblc.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_lblcr.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_lc.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_nq.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_rr.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_sed.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_sh.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_wlc.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/net/ipv4/ipvs/ip_vs_wrr.ko
2.rpm
-ivh ipvsadm-1.24-13.el5.x86_64.rpm
也可以通过源码安装。
3.使用ipvsadm命令查看当前状态：
ipvsadm
*************************heartbeart**************************
director server安装heeatbeat
rpm包：
下载地址：pkgs.org/centos-5/centos-extras-x86_64/
heartbeat-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.x86_64.rpm
heartbeat-devel-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.x86_64.rpm
heartbeat-gui-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.x86_64.rpm
heartbeat-ldirectord-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.x86_64.rpm
heartbeat-pils-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.x86_64.rpm
heartbeat-stonith-2.1.3-3.el5.centos.x86_64.rpm
依赖包：
下载地址：rpm.pbone.net
配置heartbeat：
vi /etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf
# Global
Directives
checktimeout=20
checkinterval=10
#fallback=127.0.0.1:80
autoreload=yes
logfile="/var/log/ldirectord.log"
#logfile="local0"
#emailalert="admin@x.y.z"
#emailalertfreq=3600
#emailalertstatus=all
quiescent=no
# Sample for an http virtual
service
virtual=192.168.12.200:80
real=192.168.12.132:80
gate
real=192.168.12.133:80 gate
fallback=127.0.0.1:80
gate
service=http
request="index.html"
receive="Test
Page"
scheduler=rr
#persistent=600
#netmask=255.255.255.255
protocol=tcp
checktype=negotiate
checkport=80
virtualhost=www.liaoyi.net
vi
/etc/ha.d/ha.cf
logfile /var/log/ha-log
logfacility local0
keepalive
2
deadtime 30
warntime 10
initdead
120
udpport 694
bcast eth1 # Linux
auto_failback
on
node DR1
node DR2
ping 192.168.12.1
respawn hacluster
/usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail
vi /etc/ha.d/haresources
DR1 IPaddr::192.168.12.200/24/eth0 ldirectord
vi /etc/ha.d/authkeys
auth 1
1 crc
#2 sha1 HI!
#3 md5 Hello!
---Real Server配置---
增加虚拟ip脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#description : Start Real Server
VIP=192.168.12.200
.
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Start LVS of Real
Server"
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask
255.255.255.255 up
echo "1"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
stop)
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0
down
echo "Close LVS Director
Server"
echo "0"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0
{start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
*************************keepalived***************************
director
server上安装keepalived
rpm -ivh e2fsprogs-devel-1.39-33.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm
-ivh keyutils-libs-devel-1.2-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh
libsepol-devel-1.15.2-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh
libselinux-devel-1.33.4-5.7.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh
krb5-devel-1.6.1-70.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh
zlib-devel-1.2.3-4.el5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh
openssl-devel-0.9.8e-22.el5.x86_64.rpm
*************************piranha***************************
安装piranha：
rpm -ivh php-common-5.3.3-3.el6_2.8.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh
php-cli-5.3.3-3.el6_2.8.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh php-5.3.3-3.el6_2.8.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh piranha-0.8.5-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/liaoyi425/p/3766495.html