Linux pip3 install scrapy Windows a. pip3 install wheel b. 下载twisted http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#twisted c. 进入下载目录，执行 pip3 install Twisted?17.1.0?cp35?cp35m?win_amd64.whl d. pip3 install scrapy e. 下载并安装pywin32：https://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/
Scrapy是一个为了爬取网站数据，提取结构性数据而编写的应用框架。 其可以应用在数据挖掘，信息处理或存储历史数据等一系列的程序中。
其最初是为了页面抓取 (更确切来说, 网络抓取 )所设计的， 也可以应用在获取API所返回的数据(例如 Amazon Associates Web Services ) 或者通用的网络爬虫。Scrapy用途广泛，可以用于数据挖掘、监测和自动化测试。
Scrapy 使用了 Twisted异步网络库来处理网络通讯。整体架构大致如下
Scrapy主要包括了以下组件：
Scrapy运行流程大概如下：
1.创建项目 scrapy startproject 项目名称 - 在当前目录中创建中创建一个项目文件（类似于Django）
2.创建爬虫应用
scrapy genspider 爬虫名字 主页 - 创建爬虫应用scrapy gensipider -t basic oldboy oldboy.com
scrapy gensipider -t xmlfeed autohome autohome.com.cn 查看所有命令：scrapy gensipider -l 查看模板命令：scrapy gensipider -d 模板名称
会创建很多文件
文件说明：
scrapy list#打开spiders/应用
#一般创建爬虫文件时，以网站域名命名
import scrapy class XiaoHuarSpider(scrapy.spiders.Spider): name = "xiaohuar" # 爬虫名称 ***** allowed_domains = ["xiaohuar.com"] # 允许的域名 start_urls = [ "http://www.xiaohuar.com/hua/", # 其实URL ] def parse(self, response): # 访问起始URL并获取结果后的回调函数
import scrapy from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector from scrapy.http.request import Request class DigSpider(scrapy.Spider): # 爬虫应用的名称，通过此名称启动爬虫命令 name = "dig" # 允许的域名 allowed_domains = ["chouti.com"] # 起始URL start_urls = [ ‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘, ] has_request_set = {} def parse(self, response): print(response.url) hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) page_list = hxs.select(‘//div[@id="dig_lcpage"]//a[re:test(@href, "/all/hot/recent/\d+")]/@href‘).extract() for page in page_list: page_url = ‘http://dig.chouti.com%s‘ % page key = self.md5(page_url) if key in self.has_request_set: pass else: self.has_request_set[key] = page_url obj = Request(url=page_url, method=‘GET‘, callback=self.parse) yield obj @staticmethod def md5(val): import hashlib ha = hashlib.md5() ha.update(bytes(val, encoding=‘utf-8‘)) key = ha.hexdigest() return key
#重写start请求函数制定处理函数 def start_requests(self): for url in self.start_urls: yield Request(url,callback=self.next) def next(self): pass
总结：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from scrapy.selector import Selector, HtmlXPathSelector from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse html = """<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <ul> <li class="item-"><a id=‘i1‘ href="link.html">first item</a></li> <li class="item-0"><a id=‘i2‘ href="llink.html">first item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="llink2.html">second item<span>vv</span></a></li> </ul> <div><a href="llink2.html">second item</a></div> </body> </html> """ response = HtmlResponse(url=‘http://example.com‘, body=html,encoding=‘utf-8‘) # hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) # print(hxs) # hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a‘)
找到所有a标签 # print(hxs) # hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[2]‘)
找到a标签 # print(hxs) # hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[@id]‘)
找到a标签有id的 # print(hxs) # hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[@id="i1"]‘)
找到a标签切id=il的 # print(hxs) # hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[@href="link.html"][@id="i1"]‘)
找到a标签 href=link.html 且 id =il
# print(hxs)
# hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[contains(@href, "link")]‘)
# print(hxs)
# hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[starts-with(@href, "link")]‘)
# print(hxs) #
hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[re:test(@id, "i\d+")]‘)
# print(hxs) # hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[re:test(@id, "i\d+")]/text()‘).extract()
# print(hxs)
# hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//a[re:test(@id, "i\d+")]/@href‘).extract()
# print(hxs)
# hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘/html/body/ul/li/a/@href‘).extract()
# print(hxs)
# hxs = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//body/ul/li/a/@href‘).extract_first()
# print(hxs)
# ul_list = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//body/ul/li‘)
# for item in ul_list:
# v = item.xpath(‘./a/span‘) #
# 或 #
# v = item.xpath(‘a/span‘) #
# 或 #
# v = item.xpath(‘*/a/span‘)
# print(v)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector from scrapy.http.request import Request from scrapy.http.cookies import CookieJar from scrapy import FormRequest class ChouTiSpider(scrapy.Spider): # 爬虫应用的名称，通过此名称启动爬虫命令 name = "chouti" # 允许的域名 allowed_domains = ["chouti.com"] cookie_dict = {} has_request_set = {} def start_requests(self): url = ‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘ # return [Request(url=url, callback=self.login)] yield Request(url=url, callback=self.login) def login(self, response): cookie_jar = CookieJar() cookie_jar.extract_cookies(response, response.request) for k, v in cookie_jar._cookies.items(): for i, j in v.items(): for m, n in j.items(): self.cookie_dict[m] = n.value req = Request( url=‘http://dig.chouti.com/login‘, method=‘POST‘, headers={‘Content-Type‘: ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8‘}, body=‘phone=8615131255089&password=pppppppp&oneMonth=1‘, cookies=self.cookie_dict, callback=self.check_login ) yield req def check_login(self, response): req = Request( url=‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘, method=‘GET‘, callback=self.show, cookies=self.cookie_dict, dont_filter=True ) yield req def show(self, response): # print(response) hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) news_list = hxs.select(‘//div[@id="content-list"]/div[@class="item"]‘) for new in news_list: # temp = new.xpath(‘div/div[@class="part2"]/@share-linkid‘).extract() link_id = new.xpath(‘*/div[@class="part2"]/@share-linkid‘).extract_first() yield Request( url=‘http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=%s‘ %(link_id,), method=‘POST‘, cookies=self.cookie_dict, callback=self.do_favor ) page_list = hxs.select(‘//div[@id="dig_lcpage"]//a[re:test(@href, "/all/hot/recent/\d+")]/@href‘).extract() for page in page_list: page_url = ‘http://dig.chouti.com%s‘ % page import hashlib hash = hashlib.md5() hash.update(bytes(page_url,encoding=‘utf-8‘)) key = hash.hexdigest() if key in self.has_request_set: pass else: self.has_request_set[key] = page_url yield Request( url=page_url, method=‘GET‘, callback=self.show ) def do_favor(self, response): print(response.text) 示例：自动登陆抽屉并点赞
-*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy import sys,io from scrapy.http import Request from scrapy.selector import Selector, HtmlXPathSelector from ..items import ChoutiItem # 用于定位标签 sys.stdout=io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer,encoding=‘gb18030‘) from scrapy.http.cookies import CookieJar class ChoutiSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "chouti" allowed_domains = ["chouti.com"] # allowed_domains = ["chouti.com",baidu.com] 域名限制 start_urls = [‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘] cookie_dict=None def parse(self, response): cookie_obj=CookieJar() cookie_obj.extract_cookies(response,response.request) # response.request返回是访问对象 self.cookie_dict=cookie_obj._cookies # 带上用户名密码+cookie yield Request( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", method=‘POST‘, body="phone=8618731008140&password=cuiyuetian1988&oneMonth=1", headers={‘Content-Type‘:‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8‘}, cookies=cookie_obj._cookies, callback=self.check_login ) def check_login(self,response): ‘‘‘查看登录结果‘‘‘ print(response.text) yield Request(url=‘http://dig.chouti.com/‘,callback=self.like) def like(self,response): ‘‘‘点赞‘‘‘ id_list = Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//div[@share-linkid]/@share-linkid‘).extract() for nid in id_list: print(nid) url = "http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=%s" % nid yield Request( url=url, method="POST", cookies=self.cookie_dict, callback=self.show ) page_urls=Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//div[@id="dig_lcpage"]//a/@href‘).extract() for page in page_urls: url = "http://dig.chouti.com%s" % page yield Request(url=url, callback=self.like) def show(self,response): print(response.text)
上述实例只是简单的处理，所以在parse方法中直接处理。如果对于想要获取更多的数据处理，则可以利用Scrapy的items将数据格式化，然后统一交由pipelines来处理。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy,io,sys from scrapy.http import Request from scrapy.selector import Selector, HtmlXPathSelector # sys.stdout=io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer,encoding=‘gb18030‘) from ..items import Xiaohua class XiaohuSpider(scrapy.Spider): name=‘xiaohua‘ allowed_domains = ["xiaohuar.com"] start_urls = [‘http://xiaohuar.com/hua/‘] vis=set() def parse(self, response): res=Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//div[@id="list_img"]//div[@class="item_t"]‘) for obj in res: src=obj.xpath(‘.//div[@class="img"]//img/@src‘).extract_first().strip() name=obj.xpath(‘.//div[@class="img"]/span/text()‘).extract_first().strip() src=‘http://xiaohuar.com%s‘%(src) item_obj=Xiaohua(src=src,name=name) yield item_obj res2=Selector(response=response).xpath(‘//div[@id="page"]//a/@href‘) for url in res2: if not url: continue md_url = self.md5(url.extract()) if md_url in self.vis: pass else: self.vis.add(md_url) url = url.extract() print(url) yield Request(url=url,callback=self.parse) def md5(self,url): import hashlib obj=hashlib.md5() obj.update(bytes(url, encoding=‘utf-8‘)) return obj.hexdigest()
import scrapy class Xiaohua(scrapy.Item): src=scrapy.Field() name=scrapy.Field()
import json import os import requests class Myxiaohua(object): def __init__(self): if not os.path.exists(‘imgs‘): os.makedirs(‘imgs‘) def process_item(self, item, spider): name="%s.jpg"%item[‘name‘] print(item[‘src‘]) res = requests.get(item[‘src‘], stream=True) res.encoding=‘utf-8‘ with open(os.path.join(‘imgs‘,name),‘wb‘) as f : f.write(res.content) return item
ITEM_PIPELINES = { ‘myscrapy1.pipelines.Myscrapy1Pipeline‘: 300, ‘myscrapy1.pipelines.Myxiaohua‘: 300, } #ITEM_PIPELINES = { # ‘spider1.pipelines.JsonPipeline‘: 100, #‘spider1.pipelines.FilePipeline‘: 300, #} # 每行后面的整型值，确定了他们运行的顺序，item按数字从低到高的顺序，通过pipeline，通常将这些数字定义在0-1000范围内。
自定义扩展时，利用信号在指定位置注册制定操作
extensions
EXTENSIONS = { # ‘scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole‘: None, ‘myscrapy1.extensions.MyExtend‘: 300, }
七、自定义避免重复访问
scrapy默认使用 scrapy.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter 进行去重，相关配置有：
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = ‘scrapy.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter‘ DUPEFILTER_DEBUG = False JOBDIR = "保存范文记录的日志路径，如：/root/" # 最终路径为 /root/requests.seen
class RepeatUrl: def __init__(self): self.visited_url = set() @classmethod def from_settings(cls, settings): """ 初始化时，调用 :param settings: :return: """ return cls() def request_seen(self, request): """ 检测当前请求是否已经被访问过 :param request: :return: True表示已经访问过；False表示未访问过 """ if request.url in self.visited_url: return True self.visited_url.add(request.url) return False def open(self): """ 开始爬去请求时，调用 :return: """ print(‘open replication‘) def close(self, reason): """ 结束爬虫爬取时，调用 :param reason: :return: """ print(‘close replication‘) def log(self, request, spider): """ 记录日志 :param request: :param spider: :return: """ print(‘repeat‘, request.url) 自定义URL去重操作
# from scrapy.dupefilters import RFPDupeFilter class RepeatFilter(object): def __init__(self): self.visited_set=set() @classmethod def from_settings(cls, settings): return cls() def request_seen(self, request): if request.url in self.visited_set: return True self.visited_set.add(request.url) return False def open(self): # can return deferred print(‘start...‘) pass def close(self, reason): # can return a deferred print(‘close...‘) pass def log(self, request, spider): # log that a request has been filtered pass
DUPEFILTER_CLASS=‘myscrapy1.myduplication.RepeatFilter‘
八、其他
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Scrapy settings for step8_king project # # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation: # # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html # 1. 爬虫名称 BOT_NAME = ‘step8_king‘ # 2. 爬虫应用路径 SPIDER_MODULES = [‘step8_king.spiders‘] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = ‘step8_king.spiders‘ # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent # 3. 客户端 user-agent请求头客户端 user-agent请求头会带着你的BOT_NAME # USER_AGENT = ‘step8_king (+http://www.yourdomain.com)‘ # 可以进行伪装成浏览器USER_AGENT = ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36‘ # Obey robots.txt rules # 4. 禁止爬虫配置是否遵循反爬虫规则 # ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) # 5. 并发请求数（根据反爬虫能力制定并发） # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 4 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs # 6. 延迟下载秒数 # DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: # 7. 单域名访问并发数，并且延迟下次秒数也应用在每个域名 # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 2 # 单IP访问并发数，如果有值则忽略：CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN，并且延迟下次秒数也应用在每个IP # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 3 # Disable cookies (enabled by default) # 8. 是否支持cookie，cookiejar进行操作cookie # COOKIES_ENABLED = True # COOKIES_DEBUG = True # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) # 9. Telnet用于查看当前爬虫的信息，操作爬虫等... # 使用telnet ip port ，然后通过命令操作 # TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = True # TELNETCONSOLE_HOST = ‘127.0.0.1‘ # TELNETCONSOLE_PORT = [6023,] # 10. 默认请求头 # Override the default request headers: # DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { # ‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8‘, # ‘Accept-Language‘: ‘en‘, # } # Configure item pipelines # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html # 11. 定义pipeline处理请求 # ITEM_PIPELINES = { # ‘step8_king.pipelines.JsonPipeline‘: 700, # ‘step8_king.pipelines.FilePipeline‘: 500, # } # 12. 自定义扩展，基于信号进行调用 # Enable or disable extensions # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html # EXTENSIONS = { # # ‘step8_king.extensions.MyExtension‘: 500, # } # 13. 爬虫允许的最大深度，可以通过meta查看当前深度；0表示无深度 # DEPTH_LIMIT = 3 # 14. 爬取时，0表示深度优先Lifo(默认)；1表示广度优先FiFo # 后进先出，深度优先 # DEPTH_PRIORITY = 0 # SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE = ‘scrapy.squeue.PickleLifoDiskQueue‘ # SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE = ‘scrapy.squeue.LifoMemoryQueue‘ # 先进先出，广度优先 # DEPTH_PRIORITY = 1 # SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE = ‘scrapy.squeue.PickleFifoDiskQueue‘ # SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE = ‘scrapy.squeue.FifoMemoryQueue‘ # 15. 调度器队列 # SCHEDULER = ‘scrapy.core.scheduler.Scheduler‘ # from scrapy.core.scheduler import Scheduler # 16. 访问URL去重 # DUPEFILTER_CLASS = ‘step8_king.duplication.RepeatUrl‘ # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html """ 17. 自动限速算法 from scrapy.contrib.throttle import AutoThrottle 自动限速设置 1. 获取最小延迟 DOWNLOAD_DELAY 2. 获取最大延迟 AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY 3. 设置初始下载延迟 AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY 4. 当请求下载完成后，获取其"连接"时间 latency，即：请求连接到接受到响应头之间的时间 5. 用于计算的... AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY target_delay = latency / self.target_concurrency new_delay = (slot.delay + target_delay) / 2.0 # 表示上一次的延迟时间 new_delay = max(target_delay, new_delay) new_delay = min(max(self.mindelay, new_delay), self.maxdelay) slot.delay = new_delay """ # 开始自动限速 帮我们 # AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay # 初始下载延迟 # AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies # 最大下载延迟 # AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 10 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to each remote server # 平均每秒并发数 # AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: # 是否显示 # AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = True # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings """ 18. 启用缓存 目的用于将已经发送的请求或相应缓存下来，以便以后使用 from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcache import HttpCacheMiddleware from scrapy.extensions.httpcache import DummyPolicy from scrapy.extensions.httpcache import FilesystemCacheStorage """ # 是否启用缓存策略 # HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True # 缓存策略：所有请求均缓存，下次在请求直接访问原来的缓存即可 # HTTPCACHE_POLICY = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.DummyPolicy" # 缓存策略：根据Http响应头：Cache-Control、Last-Modified 等进行缓存的策略 # HTTPCACHE_POLICY = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.RFC2616Policy" # 缓存超时时间 # HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 # 缓存保存路径 # HTTPCACHE_DIR = ‘httpcache‘ # 缓存忽略的Http状态码 # HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] # 缓存存储的插件 # HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = ‘scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage‘ """ 19. 代理，需要在环境变量中设置 from scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy import HttpProxyMiddleware 方式一：使用默认 os.environ { http_proxy:http://root:woshiniba@192.168.11.11:9999/ https_proxy:http://192.168.11.11:9999/ } 方式二：使用自定义下载中间件 def to_bytes(text, encoding=None, errors=‘strict‘): if isinstance(text, bytes): return text if not isinstance(text, six.string_types): raise TypeError(‘to_bytes must receive a unicode, str or bytes ‘ ‘object, got %s‘ % type(text).__name__) if encoding is None: encoding = ‘utf-8‘ return text.encode(encoding, errors) class ProxyMiddleware(object): def process_request(self, request, spider): PROXIES = [ {‘ip_port‘: ‘111.11.228.75:80‘, ‘user_pass‘: ‘‘}, {‘ip_port‘: ‘120.198.243.22:80‘, ‘user_pass‘: ‘‘}, {‘ip_port‘: ‘111.8.60.9:8123‘, ‘user_pass‘: ‘‘}, {‘ip_port‘: ‘101.71.27.120:80‘, ‘user_pass‘: ‘‘}, {‘ip_port‘: ‘122.96.59.104:80‘, ‘user_pass‘: ‘‘}, {‘ip_port‘: ‘122.224.249.122:8088‘, ‘user_pass‘: ‘‘}, ] proxy = random.choice(PROXIES) if proxy[‘user_pass‘] is not None: request.meta[‘proxy‘] = to_bytes（"http://%s" % proxy[‘ip_port‘]） encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(to_bytes(proxy[‘user_pass‘])) request.headers[‘Proxy-Authorization‘] = to_bytes(‘Basic ‘ + encoded_user_pass) print "**************ProxyMiddleware have pass************" + proxy[‘ip_port‘] else: print "**************ProxyMiddleware no pass************" + proxy[‘ip_port‘] request.meta[‘proxy‘] = to_bytes("http://%s" % proxy[‘ip_port‘]) DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { ‘step8_king.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware‘: 500, } """ """ 20. Https访问 Https访问时有两种情况： 1. 要爬取网站使用的可信任证书(默认支持) DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY = "scrapy.core.downloader.webclient.ScrapyHTTPClientFactory" DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY = "scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory.ScrapyClientContextFactory" 2. 要爬取网站使用的自定义证书 DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY = "scrapy.core.downloader.webclient.ScrapyHTTPClientFactory" DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY = "step8_king.https.MySSLFactory" # https.py from scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory import ScrapyClientContextFactory from twisted.internet.ssl import (optionsForClientTLS, CertificateOptions, PrivateCertificate) class MySSLFactory(ScrapyClientContextFactory): def getCertificateOptions(self): from OpenSSL import crypto v1 = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, open(‘/Users/wupeiqi/client.key.unsecure‘, mode=‘r‘).read()) v2 = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, open(‘/Users/wupeiqi/client.pem‘, mode=‘r‘).read()) return CertificateOptions( privateKey=v1, # pKey对象 certificate=v2, # X509对象 verify=False, method=getattr(self, ‘method‘, getattr(self, ‘_ssl_method‘, None)) ) 其他： 相关类 scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler scrapy.core.downloader.webclient.ScrapyHTTPClientFactory scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory.ScrapyClientContextFactory 相关配置 DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY """ """ 21. 爬虫中间件 class SpiderMiddleware(object): def process_spider_input(self,response, spider): ‘‘‘ 下载完成，执行，然后交给parse处理 :param response: :param spider: :return: ‘‘‘ pass def process_spider_output(self,response, result, spider): ‘‘‘ spider处理完成，返回时调用 :param response: :param result: :param spider: :return: 必须返回包含 Request 或 Item 对象的可迭代对象(iterable) ‘‘‘ return result def process_spider_exception(self,response, exception, spider): ‘‘‘ 异常调用 :param response: :param exception: :param spider: :return: None,继续交给后续中间件处理异常；含 Response 或 Item 的可迭代对象(iterable)，交给调度器或pipeline ‘‘‘ return None def process_start_requests(self,start_requests, spider): ‘‘‘ 爬虫启动时调用 :param start_requests: :param spider: :return: 包含 Request 对象的可迭代对象 ‘‘‘ return start_requests 内置爬虫中间件： ‘scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware‘: 50, ‘scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware‘: 500, ‘scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.referer.RefererMiddleware‘: 700, ‘scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware‘: 800, ‘scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.depth.DepthMiddleware‘: 900, """ # from scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.referer import RefererMiddleware # Enable or disable spider middlewares # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # ‘step8_king.middlewares.SpiderMiddleware‘: 543, } """ 22. 下载中间件 class DownMiddleware1(object): def process_request(self, request, spider): ‘‘‘ 请求需要被下载时，经过所有下载器中间件的process_request调用 :param request: :param spider: :return: None,继续后续中间件去下载； Response对象，停止process_request的执行，开始执行process_response Request对象，停止中间件的执行，将Request重新调度器 raise IgnoreRequest异常，停止process_request的执行，开始执行process_exception ‘‘‘ pass def process_response(self, request, response, spider): ‘‘‘ spider处理完成，返回时调用 :param response: :param result: :param spider: :return: Response 对象：转交给其他中间件process_response Request 对象：停止中间件，request会被重新调度下载 raise IgnoreRequest 异常：调用Request.errback ‘‘‘ print(‘response1‘) return response def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider): ‘‘‘ 当下载处理器(download handler)或 process_request() (下载中间件)抛出异常 :param response: :param exception: :param spider: :return: None：继续交给后续中间件处理异常； Response对象：停止后续process_exception方法 Request对象：停止中间件，request将会被重新调用下载 ‘‘‘ return None 默认下载中间件 { ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware‘: 100, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware‘: 300, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware‘: 350, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware‘: 400, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware‘: 500, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware‘: 550, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware‘: 580, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware‘: 590, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.RedirectMiddleware‘: 600, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.cookies.CookiesMiddleware‘: 700, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware‘: 750, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware‘: 830, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.stats.DownloaderStats‘: 850, ‘scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware‘: 900, } """ # from scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth import HttpAuthMiddleware # Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { # ‘step8_king.middlewares.DownMiddleware1‘: 100, # ‘step8_king.middlewares.DownMiddleware2‘: 500, # } settings
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/honglingjin/p/6872086.html
