iOS Foundation
框架概述文档：常量、数据类型、框架、函数、公布声明
太阳火神的漂亮人生 (http://blog.csdn.net/opengl_es)
本文遵循“署名-非商业用途-保持一致”创作公用协议
| Foundation 框架概述文档：常量、数据类型、框架、函数、公布声明 | ||
| Title | Topic | Date |
| 基础常量參考 Foundation Constants Reference | A | Content Update |
| 基础数据类型參考 Foundation Data Types Reference | A | Minor Change |
| 基础框架參考 Foundation Framework Reference | A | Content Update |
| 基础函数參考 Foundation Functions Reference | A | Minor Change |
| Foundation Release Notes for iOS | A | First Version |
| Foundation Release Notes for OS X v10.9 | A | Content Update |
1、基础常量參考 Foundation Constants
Reference （下面仅选出经常使用的部分，完整列表可点击此行标题转入官网链接）
定义一个值，用于指示请求项找不到或不存在。
Defines a value that indicates that an
item requested couldn’t be found or doesn’t exist.
enum {
NSNotFound = NSIntegerMax
};
块枚举操作的选项。
Options for Block enumeration operations.
enum {
NSEnumerationConcurrent = (1UL << 0),
NSEnumerationReverse = (1UL << 1),
};
typedef NSUInteger NSEnumerationOptions;
这些常量用于指示请求中的条目怎样排序。
These constants are used to indicate how
items in a request are ordered.
enum {
NSOrderedAscending = -1,
NSOrderedSame,
NSOrderedDescending
};
typedef NSInteger NSComparisonResult;
块排序操作的选项。
Options for Block sorting operations.
enum {
NSSortConcurrent = (1UL << 0),
NSSortStable = (1UL << 4),
};
typedef NSUInteger NSSortOptions;
这些常量指定了各种文件夹位置，用于方法 URLsForDirectory:inDomains: 和 URLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error: NSFileManager 。
These constants specify the location of a variety of directories by
the URLsForDirectory:inDomains: andURLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error: NSFileManager methods.
enum {
NSApplicationDirectory = 1,
NSDemoApplicationDirectory,
NSDeveloperApplicationDirectory,
NSAdminApplicationDirectory,
NSLibraryDirectory,
NSDeveloperDirectory,
NSUserDirectory,
NSDocumentationDirectory,
NSDocumentDirectory,
NSCoreServiceDirectory,
NSAutosavedInformationDirectory = 11,
NSDesktopDirectory = 12,
NSCachesDirectory = 13,
NSApplicationSupportDirectory = 14,
NSDownloadsDirectory = 15,
NSInputMethodsDirectory = 16,
NSMoviesDirectory = 17,
NSMusicDirectory = 18,
NSPicturesDirectory = 19,
NSPrinterDescriptionDirectory = 20,
NSSharedPublicDirectory = 21,
NSPreferencePanesDirectory = 22,
NSItemReplacementDirectory = 99,
NSAllApplicationsDirectory = 100,
NSAllLibrariesDirectory = 101,
};
typedef NSUInteger NSSearchPathDirectory;
代表 NSInteger 和 NSUInteger
的最大值和最小值的常量。
Constants representing the maximum and minimum values
of NSInteger and NSUInteger.
#define NSIntegerMax LONG_MAX #define NSIntegerMin LONG_MIN #define NSUIntegerMax ULONG_MAX
用于描写叙述一个整型。（这个不是一个类，而是一个宏定义，是 C 长整型的别名）
Used to describe an
integer.
typedef long NSInteger;
用于描写叙述一个无符号整型。（这个也不是一个类，而是一个宏定义，是
C 无符号长整型的别名）
Used to describe an unsigned integer.
typedef unsigned long NSUInteger;
用于指定一个时间间隔，单位 秒。
Used to specify a time interval, in
seconds.
下面这句原文，后半句关于毫秒部分的精度，没太明确，有懂得帮准确翻译一下，在此谢过。NSTimeInterval is
always specified in seconds; it yields sub-millisecond precision over a range of
10,000 years.
typedef double NSTimeInterval;
用于处理异常处理域之外的异常。也即系统无法捕获的异常，配合 XCode 做异常跟踪非常实用处。
Used for the
function handling exceptions outside of an exception-handling domain.
typedef volatile void NSUncaughtExceptionHandler(NSException *exception);
Changes the top-level error handler.
void NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler ( NSUncaughtExceptionHandler * );
声明全局异常处理函数，它就是 NSUncaughtExceptionHandler *void UncaughtExceptionHandler(NSException *exception) {
// 获取异常相关信息
NSArray *callStackSymbols = [exception callStackSymbols];
NSString *callStackSymbolStr = [callStackSymbols componentsJoinedByString:@"\n"];
NSString *reason = [exception reason];
NSString *name = [exception name];
// 获取系统当前时间
NSDate * date = [NSDate date];
NSDateFormatter * dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init ];
[dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy年MM月dd日 HH小时mm分ss秒"];
NSString * dateStr = [dateFormatter stringFromDate:date];
NSLog(@"系统当前时间为：%@ \n",dateStr);
NSLog(@"异常名称：%@ \n",name);
NSLog(@"异常原因：%@ \n",reason);
NSLog(@"堆栈标志：%@ \n",callStackSymbolStr);
}
在应用适当初始化位置为系统设置该回调函数指针，AppDelegate 完毕启动方法中比較适合：@implementation AppDelegate
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(&UncaughtExceptionHandler);
该类型代表字符串编码值。
Type representing string-encoding values.
typedef NSUInteger NSStringEncoding;
下面常量由 NSString 提供，作用可用的字符串编码。
The following constants are provided by NSString as
possible string encodings.
enum {
NSASCIIStringEncoding = 1,。。。 NSUTF8StringEncoding = 4,
。。。 NSUnicodeStringEncoding = 10,
。。。 NSProprietaryStringEncoding = 65536 };
Returns the Cocoa encoding constant that maps most closely to a given Core Foundation encoding constant.
unsigned long CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding ( CFStringEncoding encoding );
Returns the Core Foundation encoding constant that is the closest mapping to a given Cocoa encoding.
CFStringEncoding CFStringConvertNSStringEncodingToEncoding ( unsigned long encoding );
An integer type for constants used to specify supported string encodings in various CFString functions.
typedef UInt32 CFStringEncoding;
CFStringEncoding
常量用于可能被 CFString 支持的编码。 constants for
encodings that may be supported by CFString.
CFStringEncoding
enum { 。。。 kCFStringEncodingGB_2312_80 = 0x0630, kCFStringEncodingGBK_95 = 0x0631, kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000 = 0x0632, 。。。 kCFStringEncodingBig5 = 0x0A03, 。。。 kCFStringEncodingHZ_GB_2312 = 0x0A05, 。。。 };
kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000 是 GB 编码的最大集合，能够使用这个，用例如以下方式：
NSStringEncoding gbencoding = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000);
For additional information about Assertions, see Assertions and Logging Programming Guide.
NSAssertNSAssert1NSAssert2NSAssert3NSAssert4NSAssert5NSCAssertNSCAssert1NSCAssert2NSCAssert3NSCAssert4NSCAssert5NSCParameterAssertNSParameterAssertFor additional information on generating strings files see “Using Strings Files for User-Facing Text” in Internationalization Programming Topics.
NSLocalizedStringNSLocalizedStringFromTableNSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundleNSLocalizedStringWithDefaultValueNSConvertHostDoubleToSwappedNSConvertHostFloatToSwappedNSConvertSwappedDoubleToHostNSConvertSwappedFloatToHostNSHostByteOrderNSSwapBigDoubleToHostNSSwapBigFloatToHostNSSwapBigIntToHostNSSwapBigLongLongToHostNSSwapBigLongToHostNSSwapBigShortToHostNSSwapDoubleNSSwapFloatNSSwapHostDoubleToBigNSSwapHostDoubleToLittleNSSwapHostFloatToBigNSSwapHostFloatToLittleNSSwapHostIntToBigNSSwapHostIntToLittleNSSwapHostLongLongToBigNSSwapHostLongLongToLittleNSSwapHostLongToBigNSSwapHostLongToLittleNSSwapHostShortToBigNSSwapHostShortToLittleNSSwapIntNSSwapLittleDoubleToHostNSSwapLittleFloatToHostNSSwapLittleIntToHostNSSwapLittleLongLongToHostNSSwapLittleLongToHostNSSwapLittleShortToHostNSSwapLongNSSwapLongLongNSSwapShort
You can also use the class NSDecimalNumber for decimal arithmetic.
NSDecimalAddNSDecimalCompactNSDecimalCompareNSDecimalCopyNSDecimalDivideNSDecimalIsNotANumberNSDecimalMultiplyNSDecimalMultiplyByPowerOf10NSDecimalNormalizeNSDecimalPowerNSDecimalRoundNSDecimalStringNSDecimalSubtract
You can find the following macros implemented in NSException.h.
They are obsolete and should not be used. See Exception Programming Topics for information on
how to handle exceptions.
NSAllocateObjectNSCopyObjectNSDeallocateObjectNSDecrementExtraRefCountWasZeroNSExtraRefCountNSIncrementExtraRefCountNSShouldRetainWithZoneNSGetSizeAndAlignmentNSClassFromStringNSStringFromClassNSSelectorFromStringNSStringFromSelectorNSStringFromProtocolNSProtocolFromStringNSFullUserNameNSHomeDirectoryNSHomeDirectoryForUserNSOpenStepRootDirectoryNSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomainsNSTemporaryDirectoryNSUserNameNSEqualRangesNSIntersectionRangeNSLocationInRangeNSMakeRangeNSMaxRangeNSRangeFromStringNSStringFromRangeNSUnionRangeWhether there’s an uncaught exception handler function, any uncaught exceptions cause the program to terminate, unless the exception is raised during the posting of a notification.
NSAllocateMemoryPagesNSCopyMemoryPagesNSDeallocateMemoryPagesNSLogPageSizeNSPageSizeNSRealMemoryAvailableNSRoundDownToMultipleOfPageSizeNSRoundUpToMultipleOfPageSizeNSMakeCollectableZones are ignored on iOS and 64-bit runtime on OS X. You should not use zones in current development.
NSCreateZoneNSRecycleZoneNSSetZoneNameNSZoneCallocNSZoneFreeNSZoneFromPointerNSZoneMallocNSZoneNameNSZoneReallocNSDefaultMallocZone原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/Tommy1014/p/3775731.html