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转载:WAV header

时间:2017-07-03 23:34:54      阅读:401      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/CoderTian/p/6657844.html

WAV为微软公司(Microsoft)开发的一种声音文件格式,它符合RIFF(Resource Interchange File Format)文件规范,用于保存Windows平台的音频信息资源,被Windows平台及其应用程序所广泛支持。WAVE文件通常只是一个具有单个“WAVE”块的RIFF文件,该块由两个子块(”fmt”子数据块和”data”子数据块),它的格式如下图所示

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该格式的实质就是在PCM文件的前面加了一个文件头,每个字段的的含义为

typedef struct{
char ChunkID[4];//内容为"RIFF"
unsigned long ChunkSize;//存储文件的字节数(不包含ChunkID和ChunkSize这8个字节)
char Format[4];//内容为"WAVE"
}WAVE_HEADER;
typedef struct{
char Subchunk1ID[4];//内容为"fmt"
unsigned long Subchunk1Size;//存储该子块的字节数(不含前面的Subchunk1ID和Subchunk1Size这8个字节)
unsigned short AudioFormat;//存储音频文件的编码格式,例如若为PCM则其存储值为1,若为其他非PCM格式的则有一定的压缩。
unsigned short NumChannels;//通道数,单通道(Mono)值为1,双通道(Stereo)值为2,等等
unsigned long SampleRate;//采样率,如8k,44.1k等
unsigned long ByteRate;//每秒存储的bit数,其值=SampleRate * NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
unsigned short BlockAlign;//块对齐大小,其值=NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
unsigned short BitsPerSample;//每个采样点的bit数,一般为8,16,32等。
}WAVE_FMT;
typedef struct{
char Subchunk2ID[4];//内容为“data”
unsigned long Subchunk2Size;//内容为接下来的正式的数据部分的字节数,其值=NumSamples * NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
}WAVE_DATA;

 

比如下面的例子

这里是一个WAVE文件的开头72字节,字节显示为十六进制数字: 
52 49 46 46 24 08 00 00 57 41 56 45 66 6d 74 20 10 00 00 00 01 00 02 00 
22 56 00 00 88 58 01 00 04 00 10 00 64 61 74 61 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 
24 17 1e f3 3c 13 3c 14 16 f9 18 f9 34 e7 23 a6 3c f2 24 f2 11 ce 1a 0d 
字段解析:

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pcm 加上WAV header的代码实现为

int simplest_pcm16le_to_wave(const char *pcmpath,int channels,int sample_rate,const char *wavepath)
{
typedef struct WAVE_HEADER{
  char fccID[4];
  unsigned long dwSize;
  char fccType[4];
}WAVE_HEADER;
typedef struct WAVE_FMT{
  char fccID[4];
  unsigned long dwSize;
  unsigned short wFormatTag;
  unsigned short wChannels;
  unsigned long dwSamplesPerSec;
  unsigned long dwAvgBytesPerSec;
  unsigned short wBlockAlign;
  unsigned short uiBitsPerSample;
}WAVE_FMT;
typedef struct WAVE_DATA{
  char fccID[4];
  unsigned long dwSize;
}WAVE_DATA;
  if(channels==0||sample_rate==0){
    channels = 2;
    sample_rate = 44100;
  }
  int bits = 16;
  WAVE_HEADER pcmHEADER;
  WAVE_FMT pcmFMT;
  WAVE_DATA pcmDATA;

  unsigned short m_pcmData;
  FILE *fp,*fpout;
  fp=fopen(pcmpath, "rb");
  if(fp == NULL) {
    printf("open pcm file error\n");
    return -1;
  }
  fpout=fopen(wavepath, "wb+");
  if(fpout == NULL) {
    printf("create wav file error\n");
    return -1;
  }
  //WAVE_HEADER
  memcpy(pcmHEADER.fccID,"RIFF",strlen("RIFF"));
  memcpy(pcmHEADER.fccType,"WAVE",strlen("WAVE"));
  fseek(fpout,sizeof(WAVE_HEADER),1);
  //WAVE_FMT
  pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec=sample_rate;
  pcmFMT.dwAvgBytesPerSec=pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec*sizeof(m_pcmData);
  pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample=bits;
  memcpy(pcmFMT.fccID,"fmt ",strlen("fmt "));
  pcmFMT.dwSize=16;
  pcmFMT.wBlockAlign=2;
  pcmFMT.wChannels=channels;
  pcmFMT.wFormatTag=1;

  fwrite(&pcmFMT,sizeof(WAVE_FMT),1,fpout);
  //WAVE_DATA;
  memcpy(pcmDATA.fccID,"data",strlen("data"));
  pcmDATA.dwSize=0;
  fseek(fpout,sizeof(WAVE_DATA),SEEK_CUR);
  fread(&m_pcmData,sizeof(unsigned short),1,fp);
  while(!feof(fp)){
    pcmDATA.dwSize+=2;
    fwrite(&m_pcmData,sizeof(unsigned short),1,fpout);
    fread(&m_pcmData,sizeof(unsigned short),1,fp);
  }
  pcmHEADER.dwSize=44+pcmDATA.dwSize;
  rewind(fpout);
  fwrite(&pcmHEADER,sizeof(WAVE_HEADER),1,fpout);
  fseek(fpout,sizeof(WAVE_FMT),SEEK_CUR);
  fwrite(&pcmDATA,sizeof(WAVE_DATA),1,fpout);

  fclose(fp);
  fclose(fpout);
  return 0;
}

转载:WAV header

原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/fellow1988/p/7113270.html

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