openssl组件:
openssl: 多用途命令行工具，各功能分别使用子命令实现
libcrypto: 公共加密库
libssl: ssl协议的实现
PKI：Public Key Infrastructure
签证机构：CA
注册机构：RA
证书吊销列表：CRL
证书存取库：
openssl建立私有CA：
1、生成密钥 2、自签署证书 节点： 1、生成密钥对儿 2、生成证书签署请求 3、把请求发送给CA CA： 1、验正请求者信息；RA 2、签署证书； 3、把签好的证书发送给请求者；
[root@bogon ~]# cat /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf #openssl配置文件/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#
# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn‘t
# defined.
HOME = .
RANDFILE = $ENV::HOME/.rnd #生成器随机数保存文件
# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section = new_oids
# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions =
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)
[ new_oids ]
# We can add new OIDs in here for use by ‘ca‘, ‘req‘ and ‘ts‘.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6
# Policies used by the TSA examples.
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7
####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section #默认CA配置
####################################################################
[ CA_default ]
dir = /etc/pki/CA # Where everything is kept #CA目录
certs = $dir/certs # Where the issued certs are kept #已签证书存放目录
crl_dir = $dir/crl # Where the issued crl are kept #吊销证书列表存放目录
database = $dir/index.txt # database index file. #数据库索引文件
#unique_subject = no # Set to ‘no‘ to allow creation of #证书信息
# several ctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # default place for new certs. #新签证书存放目录
certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA certificate #CA证书
serial = $dir/serial # The current serial number #序列号
crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber # the current crl number
# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl = $dir/crl.pem # The current CRL #正在使用的吊销证书列表
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key #CA的私钥
RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand # private random number file
x509_extensions = usr_cert # The extentions to add to the cert
# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt = ca_default # Subject Name options
cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate field options
# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy
# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions = crl_ext
default_days = 365 # how long to certify for #证书的有效期限
default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL #吊销证书的有效期限
default_md = default # use public key default MD
preserve = no # keep passed DN ordering
# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy = policy_match
# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
# For the ‘anything‘ policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable ‘object‘
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits = 2048
default_md = sha1
default_keyfile = privkey.pem
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
attributes = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert
# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret
# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
string_mask = utf8only
# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default = XX
countryName_min = 2
countryName_max = 2
stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
#stateOrProvinceName_default = Default Province
localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default = Default City
0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default = Default Company Ltd
# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd
organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
#organizationalUnitName_default =
commonName = Common Name (eg, your name or your server\‘s hostname)
commonName_max = 64
emailAddress = Email Address
emailAddress_max = 64
# SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3
[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword = A challenge password
challengePassword_min = 4
challengePassword_max = 20
unstructuredName = An optional company name
[ usr_cert ]
# These extensions are added when ‘ca‘ signs a request.
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType = server
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
# This will be displayed in Netscape‘s comment listbox.
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren‘t
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
# This is required for TSA certificates.
# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping
[ v3_req ]
# Extensions to add to a certificate request
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA
# PKIX recommendation.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical
# extensions.
#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
# So we do this instead.
basicConstraints = CA:true
# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign
# Some might want this also
# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA
# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where ‘obj‘ is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF
[ crl_ext ]
# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always
[ proxy_cert_ext ]
# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType = server
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
# This will be displayed in Netscape‘s comment listbox.
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren‘t
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo
####################################################################
[ tsa ]
default_tsa = tsa_config1 # the default TSA section
[ tsa_config1 ]
# These are used by the TSA reply generation only.
dir = ./demoCA # TSA root directory
serial = $dir/tsaserial # The current serial number (mandatory)
crypto_device = builtin # OpenSSL engine to use for signing
signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem # The TSA signing certificate
# (optional)
certs = $dir/cacert.pem # Certificate chain to include in reply
# (optional)
signer_key = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
default_policy = tsa_policy1 # Policy if request did not specify it
# (optional)
other_policies = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3 # acceptable policies (optional)
digests = md5, sha1 # Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
accuracy = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100 # (optional)
clock_precision_digits = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional)
ordering = yes # Is ordering defined for timestamps?
# (optional, default: no)
tsa_name = yes # Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
# (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_chain = no # Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
# (optional, default: no)
[root@bogon ~]#自签证书
一、建立CA服务器：
# 1、初始化工作环境
# touch /etc/pki/CA/{index.txt,serial}
# echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial
[root@bogon ssl]# cd /etc/pki/
[root@bogon pki]# ls
CA ca-trust java nssdb rpm-gpg rsyslog tls
[root@bogon pki]# cd CA/
[root@bogon CA]# touch index.txt
[root@bogon CA]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 certs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 crl
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 9 12:58 index.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 newcerts
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 private
[root@bogon CA]# echo 01 > serial
[root@bogon CA]# ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 certs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 crl
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 9 12:58 index.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 newcerts
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 private
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3 Jul 9 12:58 serial
# 2、生成密钥
# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 2048)
[root@bogon CA]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...................................................+++
............................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@bogon CA]# ls private/
cakey.pem
[root@bogon CA]# cat private/cakey.pem
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
# 3、生成自签证书
# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -days 7300 -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
req: 生成证书签署请求
-news: 新请求
-key /path/to/keyfile: 指定私钥文件
-out /path/to/somefile:
-x509: 生成自签署证书
-days n: 有效天数
[root@bogon CA]# whatis req #从私钥中提取公钥
req (1ssl) - PKCS#10 certificate request and certificate generating utility
[root@bogon CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -days 7300 -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:ICBC
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:wl2
Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:www.icbc.com.cn
Email Address []:cxiong@dccsh.icbc.com.cn
[root@bogon CA]#二、节点申请证书： (一) 节点生成请求 1、生成密钥对儿 # (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key 2048) 2、生成证书签署请求 # openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr 3、把签署请求文件发送给CA服务 # scp (二) CA签署证书 1、验正证书中的信息； 2、签署证书 # openssl ca -in /path/to/somefile.csr -out /path/to/somefile.crt -days N 3、发送给请求者； 三、吊销证书 （一）节点 1、获取证书serial # openssl x509 -in /path/to/certificate_file.crt -noout -serial -subject (二) CA 2、根据节点提交的serial和subject信息来验正与index.txt文件中的信息是否一致； 3、吊销证书 # openssl ca -revoke /etc/pki/CA/newcerts/SERIAL.pem 4、生成吊销证书的编号(如果是第一次吊销) # echo 00 > /etc/pki/CA/crlnumber 5、更新证书吊销列表 # cd /etc/pki/CA/crl/ # openssl ca -gencrl -out thisca.crl 如果需要，查看crl文件的内容： # openssl crl -in /path/to/crlfile.crl -noout -text
原文：http://f1yinsky.blog.51cto.com/12568071/1945661