web新特性 之 WebSocket

 WebSocket（内部还是socket）
	- 本质（magic string）魔法字符串，通过内部封装的通信加密规则，进行通信。
	- 应用
		- 连接
		- 验证【握手信息】（magic string）
		- 收发消息

import socket
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind((‘127.0.0.1‘, 8002))
sock.listen(5)
# 等待用户连接
conn, address = sock.accept()
...
...
...

#客户端 通过websocket 创建一个对象，完成的是三个操作！
#创建连接
#发送消息
#接收验证消息
<script type="text/javascript">
    var socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8002/xxoo");
    ...
</script>

import socket
 
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind((‘127.0.0.1‘, 8002))
sock.listen(5)
# 获取客户端socket对象
conn, address = sock.accept()
# 获取客户端的【握手】信息
data = conn.recv(1024)
...
...
...
conn.send(‘响应【握手】信息‘)

GET /chatsocket HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8002
Connection: Upgrade
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Upgrade: websocket
Origin: http://localhost:63342
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
Sec-WebSocket-Key: mnwFxiOlctXFN/DeMt1Amg==
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits
...
...

解包规则：(数据头+数据全部加密) 用第二个字节的后7位判断(做位运算获取！与127做与判断)
　　获取所有的数据值，每个字节都与mask进行与运算进行解码

0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+
|F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len |    Extended payload length    |
|I|S|S|S|  (4)  |A|     (7)     |             (16/64)           |
|N|V|V|V|       |S|             |   (if payload len==126/127)   |
| |1|2|3|       |K|             |                               |
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
|     Extended payload length continued, if payload len == 127  |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-------------------------------+
|                               |Masking-key, if MASK set to 1  |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Masking-key (continued)       |          Payload Data         |
+-------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
:                     Payload Data continued ...                :
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
|                     Payload Data continued ...                |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

The MASK bit simply tells whether the message is encoded. Messages from the client must be masked, so your server should expect this to be 1. (In fact, section 5.1 of the spec says that your server must disconnect from a client if that client sends an unmasked message.) When sending a frame back to the client, do not mask it and do not set the mask bit. We‘ll explain masking later. Note: You have to mask messages even when using a secure socket.RSV1-3 can be ignored, they are for extensions.

The opcode field defines how to interpret the payload data: 0x0 for continuation, 0x1 for text (which is always encoded in UTF-8), 0x2 for binary, and other so-called "control codes" that will be discussed later. In this version of WebSockets, 0x3 to 0x7 and 0xB to 0xF have no meaning.

The FIN bit tells whether this is the last message in a series. If it‘s 0, then the server will keep listening for more parts of the message; otherwise, the server should consider the message delivered. More on this later.

Decoding Payload Length

To read the payload data, you must know when to stop reading. That‘s why the payload length is important to know. Unfortunately, this is somewhat complicated. To read it, follow these steps:

Read bits 9-15 (inclusive) and interpret that as an unsigned integer. If it‘s 125 or less, then that‘s the length; you‘re done. If it‘s 126, go to step 2. If it‘s 127, go to step 3.
Read the next 16 bits and interpret those as an unsigned integer. You‘re done.
Read the next 64 bits and interpret those as an unsigned integer (The most significant bit MUST be 0). You‘re done.
Reading and Unmasking the Data

If the MASK bit was set (and it should be, for client-to-server messages), read the next 4 octets (32 bits); this is the masking key. Once the payload length and masking key is decoded, you can go ahead and read that number of bytes from the socket. Let‘s call the data ENCODED, and the key MASK. To get DECODED, loop through the octets (bytes a.k.a. characters for text data) of ENCODED and XOR the octet with the (i modulo 4)th octet of MASK. In pseudo-code (that happens to be valid JavaScript):

 

var DECODED = "";
for (var i = 0; i < ENCODED.length; i++) {
    DECODED[i] = ENCODED[i] ^ MASK[i % 4];
}

 

Now you can figure out what DECODED means depending on your application.

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import socket
import base64
import hashlib
 
 
def get_headers(data):
    """
    将请求头格式化成字典
    :param data:
    :return:
    """
    header_dict = {}
    data = str(data, encoding=‘utf-8‘)
 
    header, body = data.split(‘\r\n\r\n‘, 1)
    header_list = header.split(‘\r\n‘)
    for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
        if i == 0:
            if len(header_list[i].split(‘ ‘)) == 3:
                header_dict[‘method‘], header_dict[‘url‘], header_dict[‘protocol‘] = header_list[i].split(‘ ‘)
        else:
            k, v = header_list[i].split(‘:‘, 1)
            header_dict[k] = v.strip()
    return header_dict
 
 
def send_msg(conn, msg_bytes):
    """
    WebSocket服务端向客户端发送消息
    :param conn: 客户端连接到服务器端的socket对象,即： conn,address = socket.accept()
    :param msg_bytes: 向客户端发送的字节
    :return:
    """
    import struct
 
    token = b"\x81"
    length = len(msg_bytes)
    if length < 126:
        token += struct.pack("B", length)
    elif length <= 0xFFFF:
        token += struct.pack("!BH", 126, length)
    else:
        token += struct.pack("!BQ", 127, length)
 
    msg = token + msg_bytes
    conn.send(msg)
    return True
 
 
def run():
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    sock.bind((‘127.0.0.1‘, 8003))
    sock.listen(5)
 
    conn, address = sock.accept()
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    headers = get_headers(data)
    response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n"                    "Upgrade:websocket\r\n"                    "Connection:Upgrade\r\n"                    "Sec-WebSocket-Accept:%s\r\n"                    "WebSocket-Location:ws://%s%s\r\n\r\n"
 
    value = headers[‘Sec-WebSocket-Key‘] + ‘258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11‘
    ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode(‘utf-8‘)).digest())
    response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode(‘utf-8‘), headers[‘Host‘], headers[‘url‘])
    conn.send(bytes(response_str, encoding=‘utf-8‘))
 
    while True:
        try:
            info = conn.recv(8096)
        except Exception as e:
            info = None
        if not info:
            break
        payload_len = info[1] & 127
        if payload_len == 126:
            extend_payload_len = info[2:4]
            mask = info[4:8]
            decoded = info[8:]
        elif payload_len == 127:
            extend_payload_len = info[2:10]
            mask = info[10:14]
            decoded = info[14:]
        else:
            extend_payload_len = None
            mask = info[2:6]
            decoded = info[6:]
 
        bytes_list = bytearray()
        for i in range(len(decoded)):
            chunk = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4]
            bytes_list.append(chunk)
        body = str(bytes_list, encoding=‘utf-8‘)
        send_msg(conn,body.encode(‘utf-8‘))
 
    sock.close()
 
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    run()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <input type="text" id="txt"/>
        <input type="button" id="btn" value="提交" onclick="sendMsg();"/>
        <input type="button" id="close" value="关闭连接" onclick="closeConn();"/>
    </div>
    <div id="content"></div>
 
<script type="text/javascript">
    var socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8003/chatsocket");
 
    socket.onopen = function () {
        /* 与服务器端连接成功后，自动执行 */
 
        var newTag = document.createElement(‘div‘);
        newTag.innerHTML = "【连接成功】";
        document.getElementById(‘content‘).appendChild(newTag);
    };
 
    socket.onmessage = function (event) {
        /* 服务器端向客户端发送数据时，自动执行 */
        var response = event.data;
        var newTag = document.createElement(‘div‘);
        newTag.innerHTML = response;
        document.getElementById(‘content‘).appendChild(newTag);
    };
 
    socket.onclose = function (event) {
        /* 服务器端主动断开连接时，自动执行 */
        var newTag = document.createElement(‘div‘);
        newTag.innerHTML = "【关闭连接】";
        document.getElementById(‘content‘).appendChild(newTag);
    };
 
    function sendMsg() {
        var txt = document.getElementById(‘txt‘);
        socket.send(txt.value);
        txt.value = "";
    }
    function closeConn() {
        socket.close();
        var newTag = document.createElement(‘div‘);
        newTag.innerHTML = "【关闭连接】";
        document.getElementById(‘content‘).appendChild(newTag);
    }
 
</script>
</body>
</html>