在pycharm下设置自己的模板:
在File---settings---File and Code Templates---Python script 脚本里添加:
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:${USER}
@file: ${NAME}.py
@time: ${YEAR}/${MONTH}/${DAY}
"""
一、第一个python程序:
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: HelloWorld.py
@time: 2017/11/{DAY}
"""
print("HelloWorld!!!")
print("你好,世界")
二、变量和赋值:
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: bianliang.py
@time: 2017/11/18
"""
#赋值
name = "chenjisong"
age = 30
print(name,age)
字符串类型的必须要加引号
a = 3
b = a
a = 5
print(a,b)
返回结果为(5,3)
解析:a = 3,内存地址指向3,b = a,则b = 3,此时a 和 b 都指向内存地址3,当 a = 5的时候,a 的内存地址指向了5,则a = 3 这个内存地址被回收了,但是b的内存地址未被回收,b仍然等于3,所以最后返回的结果是(5,3)
变量起名的原则:
1、显示,通俗易懂
2、驼峰写法(首字母大写) 例如:NumsOfJackGf
3、下横线写法(不能为中横线) 例如:nums_of_jack_gf
4、不能数字开头,但是可以在中间和结尾
5、命名中不能有特殊字符
6、变量的命名不能有空格
7、关键字不能声明为变量
内存地址的验证:
C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed8, Oct 3 2017, 18:11:49) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import keyword
>>> a = 5
>>> b = a
>>> id(a),id(b)
(1363763552, 1363763552)
a 和 b的内存地址完全一样
>>> a = 10
>>> id(a),id(b)
>>> (1363763712, 1363763552)
当a的值改变之后,a的内存地址也发生了变化(是python中的内存地址,不是物理机器的内存地址)
三、用户交互
[root@python3 ~]# python
>>> print(name)
chenjisong
>>> a = 5
>>> eval(‘a‘)
5
四、条件判断与缩进
IF....ELSE和缩进
伪代码:
如果 你是富二代
我们俩就拍拖
或者 你很努力上进
我们可以接触试试
否则
免谈
缩进要一致:
sex = input ("plsase input your gender:")
if sex == "gril":
print("I would like to have a baby")
elif sex == "man":
print("going to homesexual!")
else:
print("Pervert!!!")
游戏:猜幸运数字:
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: lucky_number.py
@time: 2017/11/18
"""
lucky_number = 18
guess_number = int(input("can you guess my lucky_number:"))
if guess_number > lucky_number:
print("guess_number is bigger then lucky_number")
elif guess_number < lucky_number:
print("guess_number is smaller then lucky_number:")
else:
print("congratulations,you guess it,but no prize")
五、循环控制:
break结束循环:(猜对即跳出循环,没猜对就一直猜)
while True:
lucky_number = 18
guess_number = int(input("can you guess my lucky_number:"))
if guess_number > lucky_number:
print("guess_number is bigger then lucky_number")
elif guess_number < lucky_number:
print("guess_number is smaller then lucky_number:")
else:
print("congratulations,you guess it,but no prize")
break
while lucky_number != input_num:
input_num = int(input("input the guess num:"))
if input_num > lucky_number:
print("the real number is smaller")
elif input_num < lucky_number:
print("the real number is bigger")
else:
print("bingo")
六、循环次数限制:
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: lucky_number.py
@time: 2017/11/18
"""
lucky_number = 18
input_num=-1
guess_count = 0
#while lucky_number != input_num:
while guess_count < 3:
input_num = int(input("input the guess num:"))
print("guess count:",guess_count)
if input_num > lucky_number:
print("the real number is smaller")
elif input_num < lucky_number:
print("the real number is bigger")
else:
print("Bingo!")
break
guess_count += 1
else:
print("try too many times")
两重判断:
第一重:三次猜不对直接退出(guess_count>3),打印“try too many times”
第二重:猜对了直接打印bingo,退出
for循环猜数字游戏:
#!usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
@author:Administrator
@file: lucky_number.py
@time: 2017/11/18
"""
#while True:
lucky_number = 18
input_num=-1
for i in range(5):
input_num = int(input("input the guess num:"))
if input_num > lucky_number:
print("the real number is smaller")
elif input_num < lucky_number:
print("the real number is bigger")
else:
print("Bingo!")
break
else:
print("try too many times")
七、常用数据类型
数据类型:
数字:
int(整型)
float(浮点型)
long(长整型)
布尔:(True(1) 和 False(0)) 真和假
字符串 str
列表 list
元祖 tuple
字典 dict
type可以查看数据类型:
>>> type(2**10)
<class ‘int‘>
>>> type(2.99)
<class ‘float‘>
本文出自 “linux” 博客,转载请与作者联系!
原文:http://chenjisong.blog.51cto.com/7858025/1983201