一、fdisk 的介绍
fdisk - Partition table manipulator for Linux ,译成中文的意思是磁盘分区表操作工具;其实就是分区工具 。
fdsik 能划分磁盘成为若干个区,同时也能为每个分区指定分区的文件系统,比如linux 、fat32、 linux 、linux swap 、fat16 以及其实类Unix类操作系统的文件系统等;当然我们用fdisk 对磁盘操作分区时,并不是一个终点,我们还要对分区进行格式化所需要的文件系统;这样一个分区才能使用;这和DOS中的fdisk 是类似的。
二、合理规划硬盘分区
在操作分区之前,我们要明白硬盘分区一点理论,比如硬盘容量和分区大小的计算;对一个硬盘如何规划分区等。
三、fdisk -l 查看硬盘及分区信息
我们知道主分区(包括扩展分区)的总个数不能超过四个;也不能把扩展分区包围在主分区之间;根据这个原则,我们划分硬盘分区就比较容易的多;也能为以后减少不必要的麻烦。
磁盘结构图:
磁盘概念图:
磁盘结构及概念:
.每个扇区,512字节
.每个磁道划分63个扇区
.逻辑磁头(盘面)数设为255个
———》一个柱面的大小
= 255 × 63 × 512字节 = 8MB
———》硬盘或分区的容量
= 柱面大小 × 柱面数
1、通过fdisk -l 查看机器所挂硬盘个数及分区情况:
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn‘t contain a valid partition table
2、关于fdisk -l 一些数值的说明:
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
这个硬盘是80G的,有255个磁面;63个扇区;10443个磁柱;每个 cylinder(磁柱)的容量是 8225280 bytes=8225.280 K(约为)=8.225280M(约为);
3、fdisk 的说明:
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won‘t be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 10443.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): m
Command action # 命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag # 切换一个可引导标志
b edit bsd disklabel # b 编辑 bsd 磁盘
c toggle the dos compatibility flag # c 切换 dos 兼容性标志
d delete a partition # d 删除一个分区
l list known partition types # l 列出已知的分区类型
m print this menu # m 打印此菜单
n add a new partition # n 添加新的分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table # o 创建一个新的空 DOS 分区表
p print the partition table # p 打印分区表
q quit without saving changes # q 退出而不保存更改
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition‘s system id # t 改变分区的系统 id
u change display/entry units # u 更改显示/进入单位
v verify the partition table # v 验证分区表
w write table to disk and exit # w 写入磁盘并退出
x extra functionality (experts only) # x 额外的功能 (仅限于专家)
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix bf Solaris
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ee EFI GPT
f W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
本文出自 “Dragon” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://1208073155.blog.51cto.com/9039381/1434018
Linux 磁盘结构之 --- fdisk分区命令,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文:http://1208073155.blog.51cto.com/9039381/1434018