通过过滤和分析HTML代码,实现对文件、图片等资源的获取,一般用到:
urllib和urllib2模块
正则表达式(re模块)
requests模块
Scrapy框架
urllib库:
1)获取web页面
2)在远程http服务器上验证
3)表单提交(GET和POST)
4)异常处理(urllib2.URLError)
5)非http协议通信(ftp)
获取页面信息:
urllib2.urlopen(url,data,timeout)
构造Request
reques = URLlib.Request(url,data,headers={})
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
response.read()
1.2 爬取图片
百度贴吧示例链接: http://tieba.baidu.com/p/4229162765
1)从网页链接源代码中查找数据,用于分析和提取url
需下载的某张图片的url:
<img class="BDE_Image" src="http://imgsrc.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=d51025efb5fb43161a1f7a7210a54642/3887e950352ac65cf8452357fcf2b21193138a56.jpg" size="76453" width="400" height="600" style="cursor: url("http://tb2.bdstatic.com/tb/static-pb/img/cur_zin.cur"), pointer;">
2)脚本
#! /usr/bin/env python import urllib,urllib2 import re def getHtml(url): page = urllib2.urlopen(url) return page.read() def getImage(html): re_img = re.compile(r'<img class="BDE_Image" src="(.*?)".*?') #“(.*?)”问号表示非贪婪模式,匹配到最接近的双引号”,而不加问号则匹配到最后 img_list = re_img.findall(html) i = 1 for imgurl in img_list: print imgurl urllib.urlretrieve(imgurl,filename="%s.jpg" %i) #urllib.urlliburlretrieve下载,不指定文件名,则保持在当前目录 i = i+1 if __name__ == "__main__": url = "http://tieba.baidu.com/p/4229162765" html = getHtml(url) getImage(html)
运行结果:
1.3 爬取文本—获取作者、内容、点赞数
糗事百科热门段子示例链接:
第一页:https://www.qiushibaike.com/
第二页:https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/2/
第三页:https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/3/
1)随机选择一个段子,审查元素,获取:作者、内容、点赞个数url位置,用于定义正常表达式
作者位置<<<<<<
内容和点赞数位置<<<<<<
2)>>>>>>脚本版本一:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import urllib,urllib2
import re
page = 1
url = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/" +str(page)
headers = {"user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36"} #访问正规的网站,一般需要user-agent
try:
request = urllib2.Request(url,headers=headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
html = response.read()
except urllib2.URLError,e:
if hasattr(e,"code"): #抛出异常时,e表示前面的错误类;判断该类中是否有code属性,有则打印出来
print e.code
if hasattr(e,"reason"):
print e.reason
re_page = re.compile(r'<div class="author.*?<a.*?<img.*?alt="(.*?)">.*?<div.*?<span>(.*?)</span>.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',re.S) #正则表达式,re.S表示点号可以代表换行符
items = re_page.findall(html)
for item in items:
for i in item:
print i
运行结果:
>>>>>>>脚本版本二:
替换掉内容中网页换行符<br/>,然后去掉空格行,显示页数默认为第一页
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf-8 import urllib,urllib2 import re def getPage(page_num=1): url = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/" +str(page_num) headers = {"user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36"} try: request = urllib2.Request(url,headers=headers) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) html = response.read() return html except urllib2.URLError,e: if hasattr(e,"code"): print ("连接服务器失败,错误代码 %s" %e.code) return None if hasattr(e,"reason"): print ("连接服务器失败,错误原因 %s" %e.reason) return None def getPageCoent(page_num=1): html = getPage(page_num) re_page = re.compile(r'<div class="author.*?<a.*?<img.*?alt="(.*?)">.*?<div.*?<span>(.*?)</span>.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',re.S) items = re_page.findall(html) page_contents = [] replaceBR = re.compile(r'<br/>') for item in items: content = item[1] content = replaceBR.sub('\n',content) page_contents.append([page_num, item[0].strip(), content.strip(), item[2].strip()]) return page_contents if __name__ == "__main__": page_content = getPageCoent(1) for item in page_content: for i in item: print str(i) +"\n"
运行结果:
>>>>>>脚本版本三:
实现交互式爬取
即每按一次enter键,显示一条段子,内容包括:页码、作者、段子内容、点赞数
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf-8 import urllib,urllib2 import re import sys def getPage(page_num=1): url = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/" +str(page_num) headers = {"user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36"} try: request = urllib2.Request(url,headers=headers) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) html = response.read() return html except urllib2.URLError,e: if hasattr(e,"code"): print ("连接服务器失败,错误代码 %s" %e.code) return None if hasattr(e,"reason"): print ("连接服务器失败,错误原因 %s" %e.reason) return None def getPageCoent(page_num=1): html = getPage(page_num) re_page = re.compile(r'<div class="author.*?<a.*?<img.*?alt="(.*?)">.*?<div.*?<span>(.*?)</span>.*?<i class="number">(\d+)</i>',re.S) items = re_page.findall(html) page_contents = [] replaceBR = re.compile(r'<br/>') for item in items: content = item[1] content = replaceBR.sub('\n',content) page_contents.append([page_num, item[0].strip(), content.strip(), item[2].strip()]) return page_contents def getOneStory(page_contents): for story in page_contents: input = raw_input() if input == "q" or input == "Q": sys.exit() print "第%d页\t发布人:%s\t赞:%s\n%s\n" %(story[0],story[1],story[3],story[2]) if __name__ == "__main__": print "正在读取段子,按回车看新段子,按(Q|q)退出" num = 1 page_contents = getPageCoent(num) while True: page_contents = getPageCoent(num) getOneStory(page_contents) num += 1
运行结果:
原文:http://blog.51cto.com/huangzp/2060411