Implement strStr().
Return the index of the first occurrence of needle in haystack, or -1 if needle is not part of haystack.
Example 1:
Input: haystack = "hello", needle = "ll" Output: 2
Example 2:
Input: haystack = "aaaaa", needle = "bba" Output: -1
在一个字符串中找另一个字符串第一次出现的位置。
解法2：从第1个字母开始循环，检查由当前字母s[i]到s[i+len(needle)]是否等于needle。T: O(n * k), S: O(k)
解法2：Knuth-Morris-Pratt字符串查找算法（简称为KMP算法）可在一个主文本字符串S内查找一个词W的出现位置。T: O(n + k), S: O(k)
Python: KPM
class Solution(object):
def strStr(self, haystack, needle):
if not needle:
return 0
return self.KMP(haystack, needle)
def KMP(self, text, pattern):
prefix = self.getPrefix(pattern)
j = -1
for i in xrange(len(text)):
while j > -1 and pattern[j + 1] != text[i]:
j = prefix[j]
if pattern[j + 1] == text[i]:
j += 1
if j == len(pattern) - 1:
return i - j
return -1
def getPrefix(self, pattern):
prefix = [-1] * len(pattern)
j = -1
for i in xrange(1, len(pattern)):
while j > -1 and pattern[j + 1] != pattern[i]:
j = prefix[j]
if pattern[j + 1] == pattern[i]:
j += 1
prefix[i] = j
return prefix
Python:
class Solution(object):
def strStr(self, haystack, needle):
"""
:type haystack: str
:type needle: str
:rtype: int
"""
for i in xrange(len(haystack) - len(needle) + 1):
if haystack[i : i + len(needle)] == needle:
return i
return -1
C++:
class Solution {
public:
int strStr(string haystack, string needle) {
if (needle.empty()) return 0;
int m = haystack.size(), n = needle.size();
if (m < n) return -1;
for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; ++i) {
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
if (haystack[i + j] != needle[j]) break;
}
if (j == n) return i;
}
return -1;
}
};