The ActionMapper interface provides a mapping between HTTP requests and action invocation requests and vice-versa.

When given an HttpServletRequest, the ActionMapper may return null if no action invocation request matches, or it may return anActionMapping that describes an action invocation for the framework to try.

ActionMapping getMappingFromActionName(String actionName)

Object getAction() // Gets the Action instance for this Proxy.

<filter>

    <filter-name>StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-name>

    <filter-class>

org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter

    </filter-class>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

    <filter-name>StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-name>

    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

//也可以是这个，但是不推荐使用。

org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do" />

<package name="default" namespace="/login" extends="struts-default">

       <action name="hello">

           <result>/hello.jsp</result>

       </action>

    </package>

</struts>

常量名

作用

struts.i18n.encoding

指定WEB应用的默认编码集。

struts.multipart.parser

处理multipart/form-data的MIME类型，主要是文件上传，可以配置，cos,pell,jakarta，默认是jakarta

struts.multipart.saveDir

指定上传文件的零时目录，默认值是javax.servlet.context.tempdir

struts.multipart.maxSize

指定上传文件时候允许的最大字节数

struts.action.extension

指定处理请求的后缀，默认值是action，如果是多个的后缀用英文逗号隔开。

struts.serve.static.browserCache

设置浏览器是否缓存静态内容，在开发阶段使用这个选项，每次请求都获得服务器最新的内容，默认值是false

struts.devMode

设置开发者模式，如果设置常量为true，则可以是应用出错时显示更多，更友好的错误提示，默认值是false。开发的时候推荐使用这个配置。

把这个值设置成true意味着Struts.i18n.reload和Struts.configuration.xml.reload都设置成true

struts.i18n.reload

设置是否每次HTTP请求到达时，系统都重新加载配置文件。

struts.configuration.xml.reload

设置当struts.xml文件发生变化的时候，系统是否自动重新加载该配置文件，默认值是false。

struts.custom.i18n.resources

指定应用所需的国际化资源文件，如果有多个用英文逗号隔开。

<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do" />

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do" />

    <include file="struts_part1.xml" />

<package name="default" namespace="/login" extends="struts-default">

       <action name="hello">

           <result>/hello.jsp</result>

       </action>

    </package>

</struts>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <package name="part1" namespace="/login" extends="struts-default">

       <action name="second">

           <result>/hello.jsp</result>

       </action>

    </package>

</struts>

package com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action;

public class LoginAction {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    ……

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           return “success”;

       } else {

           return “input”;

       }

    }

}

package com.opensymphony.xwork2;

public interface Action {

    public static final String SUCCESS = "success";

    public static final String NONE = "none";

    public static final String ERROR = "error";

    public static final String INPUT = "input";

    public static final String LOGIN = "login";

    public String execute() throws Exception;

}

package com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;

public class LoginAction implements Action {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6376824426094079890L;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    ……

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

package com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6376824426094079890L;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    ……

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

get(key)

request.getAttribute()

getContext()

获取系统的ActionContext实例

getParameters()

request.getParameterMap()

getSession()

获取HttpSession实例

setApplication()

在application范围内设置属性名与属性值

setSession()

在session范围内设置属性名与属性值

ActionContext ac = ActionContext.getContext();

// application

Map<String, Object> application = ac.getApplication();

application.put("application", "application范围");

ac.setApplication(application);

// session

Map<String, Object> session = ac.getSession();

session.put("session", "session范围");

ac.setSession(session);

// 从request范围内获取属性

ac.get("key");

ac.put("request", "request范围");

<%=application.getAttribute("application")%><br />

<%=session.getAttribute("session")%><br />

<%=request.getAttribute("request ")%><br />

Map<String, Object> parameters = ac.getParameters();

for (Iterator<String> iter = parameters.keySet().iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {

    String key = iter.next();

    System.out.println("key=" + key + ", value=" + ((String[]) parameters.get(key))[0]);

}

package com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;

import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class LoginActionWithServlet extends ActionSupport implements ServletContextAware, ServletRequestAware,

      ServletResponseAware {

    private HttpServletRequest request;

   private HttpServletResponse response;

   private ServletContext context;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {

      this.request = request;

   }

   public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {

      this.response = response;

   }

   public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {

      this.context = context;

   }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

package com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class LoginActionWithServletActionContext extends ActionSupport {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

// 获取request

HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();

// 获取response

HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();

// 获取application

ServletContext application = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

使用STRUTS2做一个猜数字游戏，要求：随机产生一个0 ~ 50的数字，然后让用户猜，当猜小了，或者猜大了，都做相关提示。直到猜对为止。当猜对以后把所产生的随机数更换，以便下次猜的时候使用。最后按猜的次数来评级，比如：5次以下是优，6~10次为良，10次以上为差，在页面做显示。

属性

作用

name

此属性必须属性，该属性指定包的名字。

extends

可选，该属性指定该包继承其它包，如果继承其它包，可以继承其它包中的Action与拦截器。

namespace

可选，该属性指定该包的命名空间。

abstract

可选，该属性说明包是抽象包，抽象包不能包含Action与拦截器。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"

    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.7.dtd">

<struts>

    <package name="struts-default" abstract="true">

<default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport" />

    </package>

</struts>

http://127.0.0.1:8888/s2/loginAndReigist

http://127.0.0.1:8888/s2/aa/loginAndReigist

http://127.0.0.1:8888/s2/aa/bb/loginAndReigist

<from action=”actionName!methodName”>

package com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class LoginAndRegistAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    /**

     * DMI

     * @return

     * @throws Exception

     */

    public String regist() throws Exception {

    System.out.println("恭喜：" + this.getUsername() + " 注册成功！");

       return SUCCESS;

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println(this.getUsername() + " 登陆成功！");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

<action name="loginAndReigist"

       class="com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action.LoginAndRegistAction">

    <result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

        <base href="<%=basePath%>">

       <title>登陆与注册</title>

       <script type="text/javascript">

           function regist() {

              alert("注册！！！");

              var form = document.getElementById("form");

              // 使用默认的.do， 且不要用在URL中使用.do

              form.action= "<%=path%>" + "/loginAndReigist!regist";

              form.submit();

           }

       </script>

    </head>

    <body>

       <form id="form" action="<%=path%>/loginAndReigist.do">

           用户名：

           <input type="text" name="username" />

           <br />

           密码：

           <input type="password" name="password" />

           <br />

           <input type="button" value="注册" onclick="regist()" />

           <input type="submit" value="登陆" />

           <br />

       </form>

    </body>

</html>

struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation = true

There is no Action mapped for namespace / and action name loginAndReigist!regist. - [unknown location]

<action name="loginAndReigist"

    class="com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action.LoginAndRegistAction" method=="login">

    <result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<action name="loginAndReigist"

    class="com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action.LoginAndRegistAction" method=="regist">

    <result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

public class LoginAndRegistAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public String login() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println("登陆成功");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("登陆失败");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

    public String regist() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println("註冊成功");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("註冊失败");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

<action name="*Action"

       class="com.struts2.action.LoginAndRegistAction" method="{1}">

    <result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

       <base href="<%=basePath%>">

       <title>My JSP ‘index.jsp‘ starting page</title>

       <script type="text/javascript">

           function regist() {

              var form = document.getElementById("form");

              form.action = "<%=path%>/registAction.action";

              form.submit();

           }

       </script>

    </head>

    <body>

<form id="form" action="<%=path%>/loginAction.action" method="post">

           用户名：

           <input type="text" name="username" value="test" />

           <br />

           密码：

           <input type="password" name="password" value="123456" />

           <br />

           <input type="submit" value="登陆" />

           <input type="button" value="注册" onclick="regist()" />

           <br />

       </form>

    </body>

</html>

package com.struts2.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println("登陆成功......");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("登陆失败......");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

package com.struts2.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class RegistAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println("註冊成功......");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("註冊失败......");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

<action name="*Action" class="com.struts2.action.{1}Action">

    <result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

       <base href="<%=basePath%>">

       <title>My JSP ‘index.jsp‘ starting page</title>

       <script type="text/javascript">

           function regist() {

              var form = document.getElementById("form");

               form.action = "<%=path%>/RegistAction.action";

              form.submit();

           }

       </script>

    </head>

    <body>

<form id="form" action="<%=path%>/LoginAction.action" method="post">

           用户名：

           <input type="text" name="username" value="test" />

           <br />

           密码：

           <input type="password" name="password" value="123456" />

           <br />

           <input type="submit" value="登陆" />

           <input type="button" value="注册" onclick="regist()" />

           <br />

       </form>

    </body>

</html>

public class RegistAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public String regist() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println("註冊成功............");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("註冊失败............");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public String login() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println("登陆成功............");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("登陆失败............");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

<action name="*_*" class="com.struts2.action.{1}Action" method="{2}">

    <result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

           + path + "/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

       <base href="<%=basePath%>">

       <title>My JSP ‘index.jsp‘ starting page</title>

       <script type="text/javascript">

           function regist1() {

              var form = document.getElementById("form1");

              form.action = "<%=path%>/Regist_regist.action";

              form.submit();

           }

       </script>

    </head>

    <body>

<form id="form1" action="<%=path%>/Login_login.action" method="post">

           用户名：

           <input type="text" name="username" value="test" />

           <br />

           密码：

           <input type="password" name="password" value="123456" />

           <br />

           <input type="submit" value="登陆" />

           <input type="button" value="注册" onclick="regist1()" />

           <br />

       </form>

    </body>

</html>

<action name="*_*" class="com.struts2.action.{1}Action" method="{2}">

    <result name="success">/{2}.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<action name="*">

    <result>/{1}.jsp</result>

</action>

public class ExactAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String message;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " executing");

       this.setMessage(this.getClass().getName() + " executing");

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

public class MatchingAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String message;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " executing");

       this.setMessage(this.getClass().getName() + " executing");

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

public class AllAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String message;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " executing");

       this.setMessage(this.getClass().getName() + " executing");

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

<package name="part1" namespace="/priority" extends="default">

<action name="exactAction"

           class="com.csuinofsoft.priority.ExactAction">

<result>/priority.jsp</result>

</action>

    <action name="*Action"

           class="com.csuinofsoft.priority.MatchingAction">

       <result>/priority.jsp</result>

    </action>

    <action name="*" class="com.csuinofsoft.priority.AllAction">

       <result>/priority.jsp</result>

    </action>

</package>

URL

处理类

http://127.0.0.1:8888/priority/priority/exactAction

ExactAction

http://127.0.0.1:8888/priority/priority/aaaaaAction

MatchingAction 

http://127.0.0.1:8888/priority/priority/aaaaa

AllAction 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

       <default-action-ref name="defaultAction" />

       <action name="defaultAction"

           class="com.struts2.action.DefaultAction">

           <result>/404.jsp</result>

       </action>

    </package>

</struts>

package com.struts2.action;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class DefaultAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String url;

    ………

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();

       String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();

       this.setUrl(requestURI + " 找不到！");

       System.out.println("默认Action处理");

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

局部结果

<result>作为<action>的元素。

全局结果

<result>作为<global-results>的子元素。

name

配置逻辑试图名

type

指定结果类型

类型

作用

chain

Action链式处理的结构类型

dispatcher

用于指定JSP作为试图的结构类型（转发）

freemaker

指定freemaker模板作为结构类型

httpheader

用于特殊的HTTP行为的结构类型

redirect

重定向到其它URL

redirectAction

重定向到其它的Action

stream

用于向浏览器返回一个InputStream，用于文件下载

velocity

用于velocity模板作为试图

xslt

XML/XSLT

plainText

用于显示页面的原始代码

<action name="plainTextAction"

           class="com.struts2.action.PlainTextAction">

    <result name="success" type="plainText">/hello.jsp</result>

</action>

<action name="plainText"

           class="com.struts2.action.PlainTextAction">

    <result name="success" type="plainText">

       <param name="location">/result.jsp</param>

       <param name="charSet">UTF-8</param>

    </result>

</action>

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {

    ……

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println("登陆成功............");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("登陆失败............");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

<action name="login" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">

    <result name="success" type="redirect">reLogin</result>

</action>

public class ReLoginAction extends ActionSupport {

    ……

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

           System.out.println("登陆成功............");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("登陆失败............");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

<action name="login"

           class="com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action.LoginAction">

    <!-- 使用重定向，并且传递参数 -->

<result type="redirect">

    <![CDATA[reLogin.action?userName=${userName}&password=${password}]]>

    </result>

</action>

<param name="charSet">UTF-8</param>

<param name="encode">UTF-8</param>

<param name="userName">${userName}</param>

<param name="password">${password}</param>

<action name="login" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">

    <result name="success" type="redirectAction">

       reLogin

    </result>

</action>

<action name="reLogin" class="com.struts2.action.ReLoginAction">

    <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<result name="success" type="redirectAction">

    <![CDATA[reLogin.action?username=${username}&password=${password}]]>

</result>

<result name="success" type="redirectAction">

    <param name="actionName"> reLogin </param>

    <param name="username">${username}</param>

    <param name="password">${password}</param>

</result>

<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

    <action name="login" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">

       <result name="success" type="redirectAction">

           <param name="actionName">reLogin</param>

           <param name="namespace">/other</param>

           <param name="method">other</param>

       </result>

    </action>

</package>

<package name="other" namespace="/other" extends="struts-default">

    <action name="other" class="com.struts2.action.OtherAction">

       <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

       <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

    </action>

</package>

actionName

要转发的action的名称

namespace

要转发的action的namespace

method

要转发action里面的method

<action name="login" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">

    <result name="success" type="chain">reLogin</result>

</action>

<action name="reLogin"

           class="com.struts2.action.ReLoginAction">

    <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

</action>

<action name="login1" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">

    <result name="success" type="chain">

       <param name="actionName">other</param>

      <param name="namespace">/other</param>

      <param name="method">other</param>

    </result>

</action>

<package name="other" namespace="/other" extends="struts-default">

    <action name="other" class="com.struts2.action.OtherAction">

       <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

    </action>

</package>

<global-results>

    <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>

</global-results>

package com.struts2.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;

import com.struts2.vo.UserVo;

public class LoginAction1

extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<UserVo> {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 632788809727830237L;

    //一定要实例化

    private UserVo user = new UserVo();

    public UserVo getUser() {

       return user;

    }

    public void setUser(UserVo user) {

       this.user = user;

    }

    @Override

    public UserVo getModel() {

       return user;

    }

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if ("test".equals(user.getUsername()) && "123456".equals(user.getPassword())) {

           System.out.println("使用模型驱动登陆成功............");

           return SUCCESS;

       } else {

           System.out.println("使用模型驱动登陆失败............");

           return INPUT;

       }

    }

}

package com.struts2.vo;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class UserVo implements Serializable {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    ………

}

<action name="login4" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction1">

    <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

package com.struts2.exception;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ExceptionAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4178837153895695645L;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       String str = null;

       // System.out.println(str.length());

       if (str == null) {

           throw new MyException("用户自定义异常！！！");

       }

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

<global-results>

    <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>

    <result name="error">/exception.jsp</result>

</global-results>

<global-exception-mappings>

   <exception-mapping result="error"

            exception="java.lang.NullPointerException">

   </exception-mapping>

   <exception-mapping result="error"

            exception="com.struts2.exception.MyException">

   </exception-mapping>

</global-exception-mappings>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

    <head>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

       <title>异常处理页面</title>

    </head>

    <body>

       异常信息

       <s:property value="exception.message" />

    </body>

</html>

<action name="exceptionAction"

           class="com.struts2.exception.ExceptionAction">

    <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

    <exception-mapping result="error"

            exception="java.lang.ArithmeticException" />

</action>

1.  UI标签，主要是生成HTML元素的标签。

2.  非UI标签，主要是用于数据访问，逻辑控制的标签。

3.  AJAX标签，用于AJAX支持的标签。

1.  表单标签：用于生成HTML的form表单。

2.  非表单标签：比如用于生成页面的树。

1.  流程控制标签：包含实现分支，循环等。

2.  数据访问标签：主要是用于输出值栈里面的值，以及国际化。

struts2-core-2.2.1.jar\META-INF\ struts-tags.tld

<%@ taglib prefix=“s” uri=“/struts-tags” %>

<pre>

    age               =<s:property value="age"/><br />

    #age              =<s:property value="#age"/><br />

    #parameters.age[0]=<s:property value="#parameters.age[0]"/><br />

    %{age}            =<s:property value="%{ age }"/><br />

</pre>

<s:if test="age < 18">

    小屁孩<br />

</s:if>

<s:elseif test="age >= 18 && age <=50">

    成年人<br />

</s:elseif>

<s:else>

    老喽！<br />

</s:else>

属性名

类型

描叙

var

String

迭代的参数名称

value

数组或者集合类型

要迭代的集合

status

String

迭代的状态，可以访问迭代自己的信息

begin

Int

集合开始迭代的位置，位置从零开始

end

Int

集合结束迭代的位置，位置从零开始

step

Int

迭代的步长

<s:iterator value="{‘hibernate‘,‘struts2‘,‘spring‘}" status="st"

var="iter">

    <s:property value="#st.index" />.<s:property value="iter" />

    <br />

    <s:property value="#st.count" />.<s:property value="iter" />

    <br />

</s:iterator>

<s:iterator var="book" value="books" status="st" step="1" begin="0" end="19">

           <s:if test="#st.first">

              <div>第一本</div>

           </s:if>

           <s:if test="#st.odd">

              <div class="odd">

                  index:<s:property value="#st.index" />

                  count:<s:property value="#st.count" />

                  书名：<s:property value="#book.bookName" />

              </div>

           </s:if>

           <s:if test="#st.even">

              <div class="even">

                  index:<s:property value="#st.index" />

                  count:<s:property value="#st.count" />

                  书名：<s:property value="#book.bookName" />

              </div>

           </s:if>

           <s:if test="#st.last">

              <div>最后一本</div>

           </s:if>

       </s:iterator>

<s:iterator var="map" value="#{1:‘星期一‘, 2:‘星期二‘, 3:‘星期三‘, 4:‘星期四‘, ‘5‘:‘星期五‘, 6:‘星期六‘, 7:‘星期天‘ }">

    <div>

    <s:property value="#map.key" />=<s:property value="#map.value" />

    <br />

    </div>

</s:iterator>

value: 指定要输出的属性值。

default：可选，如果value所指定的值不存在，就显示default属性的值。

escapeHtml：指定是否转义html代码。

escapeCvs：指定是否转义cvs。

escapeJavascript：指定是否转义javascript。

escapeXml：指定是否转义xml。

<s:property value="‘<hr />‘" escapeHtml="false" />

<s:set name="test" value="‘value‘"></s:set>

<s:property value="test" default="null..." />

var

生成变量时候的变量名。

value

设置变量的值，注意：当值是字符串的时候加单引号，不然当做OGNL表达式来取。

scope

变量的范围：page, request, scope, application, aciton，默认的时候放在request，和aciton中。

<s:set name="scope" value="‘default scope‘"></s:set>

#request.scope=

<s:property value="#request.scope" />

<br />

#scope=

<s:property value="#scope" />

<hr />

<s:set name="sessionScope" value="‘session scope‘" scope="session" />

<%=session.getAttribute("sessionScope")%>

<s:bean name="com.struts2.vo.UserVo" var="u">

    <s:param name="username" value="‘test‘" />

    <s:param name="password" value="‘password‘" />

</s:bean> 

#u.username=<s:property value="#u.username" /><br />

#u.password=<s:property value="#u.password" /><br />

<s:include value="/included.html" />

<s:set var="include" value="‘/included.html‘" />

<s:include value="%{#include}" />

$

在国际化配置文件，struts.xml配置文件。

#

取ActionContext中的值

%

将文本信息解析成OGNL，如果是OGNL则不起作用。

<s:url var="url" action="login" namespace="/">

<!-- 使用用户名，与密码 -->

<s:param name="username">jiangyang</s:param>

<s:param name="password">123456</s:param>

</s:url>

<!-- 当引用超链接的时候使用 -->

<s:a href="%{#url}">LOGIN</s:a>

name

复选框的名称

list

复选框要显示的是数据，可以是list，也可以是map

value

表示复选框默认选择的数据。

listKey

listValue

public class DataAction extends ActionSupport {

    private List<String> list;

    private List<String> value;

    private Map<Integer, String> map;

    private List<Integer> mapValue;

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       list = new ArrayList<String>();

       value = new ArrayList<String>();

       list.add("语文");

       list.add("英语");

       list.add("数学");

       list.add("音乐");

       value.add("语文");

       value.add("音乐");

       map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();

       map.put(1, "语文");

       map.put(2, "英语");

       map.put(3, "数学");

       map.put(4, "音乐");

       mapValue = new ArrayList<Integer>();

       mapValue.add(1);

       mapValue.add(3);

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

<s:checkboxlist name="list" list="{‘java‘, ‘c‘, ‘c++‘, ‘.net‘}"

           value="{‘java‘, ‘c‘}"></s:checkboxlist>

<hr />

<s:checkboxlist name="list1" list="list" value="value"></s:checkboxlist>

<hr />

<s:checkboxlist name="map"

           list="#{1:‘java‘, 2:‘c‘, 3:‘c++‘, 4:‘.net‘}" listKey="key"

           listValue="value" value="{1, 4}"></s:checkboxlist>

<hr />

<s:checkboxlist name="map1" list="map" listKey="key" listValue="value"

value="mapValue"></s:checkboxlist>

private List<String> sex;

private String defaultSex;

sex = new ArrayList<String>();

sex.add("男");

sex.add("女");

sex.add("未知");

defaultSex = "男";

<s:radio name="sex1" list="{‘男‘, ‘女‘, ‘未知‘}" value="‘女‘"></s:radio>

<hr />

<s:radio name="sex2" list="#{0:‘男‘, 1:‘女‘, -1:‘未知‘}" value="-1"

listKey="key" listValue="value"></s:radio>

<hr />

<s:radio name="sex3" list="sex" value="defaultSex"></s:radio>

<hr />

private List<String> provice;

private String defaultProvice;

provice = new ArrayList<String>();

provice.add("湖南");

provice.add("湖北");

provice.add("廣東");

defaultProvice = "湖北";

<s:select name="provice1" list="{‘湖南‘, ‘湖北‘, ‘广东‘}" value="‘广东‘"></s:select>

<hr />

<s:select name="provice2" list="#{‘hn‘:‘湖南‘, ‘hb‘:‘湖北‘, ‘gd‘:‘广东‘}" value="‘hb‘" listKey="key" listValue="value"></s:select>

<hr />

<s:select name="provice3" list="provice" value="defaultProvice"></s:select>

<hr />

<s:form>

    <s:textfield name="userName" label="用户名"></s:textfield>

    <s:password name="password" label="密码"></s:password>

    <s:file name="file" label="头像"></s:file>

    <s:textarea name="desc" rows="3" cols="20" label="简介"></s:textarea>

    <s:submit value="提交"></s:submit>

    <s:reset value="重设"></s:reset>

</s:form>

<s:form action="updateById" method="get">

    <s:hidden name="s.id" value="%{ s.id }"></s:hidden>

    <s:textfield name="s.name" value="%{ s.name }" label="姓名"></s:textfield>

    <s:select name="s.sex" list="{‘男‘, ‘女‘}" value="s.sex" label="性别"></s:select>

    <s:textfield name="s.age" value="%{ s.age }" label="年龄"></s:textfield>

    <s:textfield name="s.qq" value="%{ s.qq }" label="QQ"></s:textfield>

    <s:submit value="修改"></s:submit>

</s:form>

<s:date id="gg" name="student.graduation" format="yyyy-MM-dd" />

<s:textfield name="student.graduation" key="graduation" value="%{ #request.gg }"onclick="calendar.show(this)"></s:textfield>

表达式：（Expression）表达式是整个OGNL的核心，所有的OGNL操作都是针对表达式的解析后进行的。表达式会规定此次OGNL操作到底要干什么。

根对象：（Root Object）“根对象”可以理解为OGNL的操作对象。在表达式规定了“干什么”以后，你还需要指定到底“对谁干”。

上下文：（context）简单来说上下文就是环境，表达式求值的环境！有了表达式和根对象，我们实际上已经可以使用OGNL的基本功能。

public class OGNL1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

       /* 创建一个Person对象 */

       Person person = new Person();

       person.setName("zhangsan");

       try {

           /* 从person对象中获取name属性的值 */

           Object value = Ognl.getValue("name", person);

           System.out.println(value);

       } catch (OgnlException e) {

           e.printStackTrace();

       }

    }

}

public class Person {

    private String name;

    getter(),setter()……

}

public class OGNL2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    /* 创建一个上下文Context对象，它是用保存多个对象一个环境 对象 */

       Map<String, Object> context = new HashMap<String, Object>();

       Person person1 = new Person();

       person1.setName("zhangsan");

       Person person2 = new Person();

       person2.setName("lisi");

       Person person3 = new Person();

       person3.setName("wangwu");

       /* person4不放入到上下文环境中 */

       Person person4 = new Person();

       person4.setName("zhaoliu");

       /* 将person1、person2、person3添加到环境中（上下文中） */

       context.put("person1", person1);

       context.put("person2", person2);

       context.put("person3", person3);

       // context.put("person4", person4);

       try {

           /* 获取根对象的"name"属性值 */

           Object value = Ognl.getValue("name", context, person2);

System.out.println("ognl expression \"name\" evaluation is : " + value);

           /* 获取根对象的"name"属性值 */

Object value2 = Ognl.getValue("#person2.name", context, person2);

           System.out.println("ognl expression \"#person2.name\" evaluation is : " + value2);

           /* 获取person1对象的"name"属性值 */

    Object value3 = Ognl.getValue("#person1.name", context, person2);

           System.out.println("ognl expression \"#person1.name\" evaluation is : " + value3);

           /* 将person4指定为root对象，获取person4对象的"name"属性，注意person4对象不在上下文中 */

           Object value4 = Ognl.getValue("name", context, person4);

System.out.println("ognl expression \"name\" evaluation is : " + value4);

           /* 将person4指定为root对象，获取person4对象的"name"属性，注意person4对象不在上下文中 */

Object value5 = Ognl.getValue("#person4.name", context, person4);

           System.out.println("ognl expression \"person4.name\" evaluation is : " + value5);

       } catch (OgnlException e) {

           e.printStackTrace();

       }

    }

}

ognl expression "name" evaluation is : lisi

ognl expression "#person2.name" evaluation is : lisi

ognl expression "#person1.name" evaluation is : zhangsan

ognl expression "name" evaluation is : zhaoliu

ognl.OgnlException: source is null for getProperty(null, "name")

public class OGNL3 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

       /* OGNL提供的一个上下文类，它实现了Map接口 */

       OgnlContext context = new OgnlContext();

       Person p1 = new Person();

       p1.setName("zhangsan");

       Person p2 = new Person();

       p2.setName("lisi");

       Person p3 = new Person();

       p3.setName("wangwu");

       context.put("p1", p1);

       context.put("p2", p2);

       context.put("p3", p3);

       context.setRoot(p1);

       try {

           /* 调用 成员方法 */

           Object value = Ognl.getValue("name.length()", context, context.getRoot());

           System.out.println("p1 name length is :" + value);

           Object upperCase = Ognl.getValue("#p2.name.toUpperCase()", context, context.getRoot());

           System.out.println("p2 name upperCase is :" + upperCase);

           Object invokeWithArgs = Ognl.getValue("name.charAt(5)", context, context.getRoot());

           System.out.println("p1 name.charAt(5) is :" + invokeWithArgs);

           /* 调用静态方法 */

           Object min = Ognl.getValue("@java.lang.Math@min(4,10)", context, context.getRoot());

           System.out.println("min(4,10) is :" + min);

           /* 调用静态变量 */

           Object e = Ognl.getValue("@@E", context, context.getRoot());

           System.out.println("E is :" + e);

       } catch (OgnlException e) {

           e.printStackTrace();

       }

    }

}

p1 name length is :8

p2 name upperCase is :LISI

p1 name.charAt(5) is :s

min(4,10) is :4

E is :2.718281828459045

public class OGNL4 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

       OgnlContext context = new OgnlContext();

       Classroom classroom = new Classroom();

       classroom.getStudents().add("zhangsan");

       classroom.getStudents().add("lisi");

       classroom.getStudents().add("wangwu");

       classroom.getStudents().add("zhaoliu");

       classroom.getStudents().add("qianqi");

       Student student = new Student();

       student.getContactWays().put("homeNumber", "110");

       student.getContactWays().put("companyNumber", "119");

       student.getContactWays().put("mobilePhone", "112");

       context.put("classroom", classroom);

       context.put("student", student);

       context.setRoot(classroom);

       /* 获得classroom的students集合 */

       Object collection = Ognl.getValue("students", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println("students collection is ：" + collection);

       /* 获得classroom的students集合 */

       Object firstStudent = Ognl.getValue("students[0]", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println("first student is : " + firstStudent);

       /* 调用集合的方法 */

       Object size = Ognl.getValue("students.size()", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println("students collection size is :" + size);

       System.out.println("--------------------------飘逸的分割线--------------------------");

       Object mapCollection = Ognl.getValue("#student.contactWays", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println("mapCollection is :" + mapCollection);

       Object firstElement = Ognl.getValue("#student.contactWays[‘homeNumber‘]", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println("the first element of contactWays is :" + firstElement);

       System.out.println("--------------------------飘逸的分割线--------------------------");

       /* 创建集合 */

       Object createCollection = Ognl.getValue("{‘aa‘,‘bb‘,‘cc‘,‘dd‘}", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println(createCollection);

       /* 创建Map集合 */

       Object createMapCollection = Ognl.getValue("#{‘key1‘:‘value1‘,‘key2‘:‘value2‘}", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println(createMapCollection);

    }

}

public class Classroom {

    private List<String> students = new ArrayList<String>();

    public List<String> getStudents() {

       return students;

    }

    public void setStudents(List<String> students) {

       this.students = students;

    }

}

public class Student {

    private Map<String, Object> contactWays = new HashMap<String, Object>();

    public Map<String, Object> getContactWays() {

       return contactWays;

    }

    public void setContactWays(Map<String, Object> contactWays) {

       this.contactWays = contactWays;

    }

}

students collection is ：[zhangsan, lisi, wangwu, zhaoliu, qianqi]

first student is : zhangsan

students collection size is :5

--------------------------飘逸的分割线--------------------------

mapCollection is :{homeNumber=110, mobilePhone=112, companyNumber=119}

the first element of contactWays is :110

--------------------------飘逸的分割线--------------------------

[aa, bb, cc, dd]

{key1=value1, key2=value2}

？

选择满足条件的所有元素

^

选择满足条件的第一个元素

$

选择满足条件的最后一个元素

public class OGNL5 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws OgnlException {

       OgnlContext context = new OgnlContext();

       Humen humen = new Humen();

       humen.setName("qiuyi");

       humen.setSex("n");

       humen.setAge(22);

       humen.getFriends().add(new Humen("zhangsan", "n", 22));

       humen.getFriends().add(new Humen("lisi", "f", 21));

       humen.getFriends().add(new Humen("wangwu", "n", 23));

       humen.getFriends().add(new Humen("zhaoliu", "n", 22));

       humen.getFriends().add(new Humen("qianqi", "n", 22));

       humen.getFriends().add(new Humen("sunba", "f", 20));

       humen.getFriends().add(new Humen("yangqiu", "f", 25));

       context.put("humen", humen);

       context.setRoot(humen);

       /* OGNL过滤集合的语法为：collection.{? expression} */

       Object filterCollection = Ognl.getValue("friends.{? #this.name.length() > 7}", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println("filterCollection is :" + filterCollection);

       System.out.println("--------------------------飘逸的分割线--------------------------");

       /* OGNL投影集合的语法为：collection.{expression} */

       Object projectionCollection = Ognl.getValue("friends.{name}", context, context.getRoot());

       System.out.println("projectionCollection is :" + projectionCollection);

    }

}

public class Humen {

    private String name;

    private String sex;

    private int age;

    private List<Humen> friends = new ArrayList<Humen>();

    public Humen() {

    }

    public Humen(String name, String sex, int age) {

       this.name = name;

       this.sex = sex;

       this.age = age;

    }

    ………

    @Override

    public String toString() {

    return "Humen [name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + ", age=" + age + "]";

    }

}

filterCollection is :[Humen [name=zhangsan, sex=n, age=22]]

--------------------------飘逸的分割线--------------------------

projectionCollection is :[zhangsan, lisi, wangwu, zhaoliu, qianqi, sunba, yangqiu]

parameters

用于访问请求参数。如：#parameters[‘id‘]或#parameters.id，相当于调用了HttpServletRequest对象的getParameter()方法。
    注意，parameters本质上是一个使用HttpServletRequest对象中的请求参数构造的Map对象，一量对象被创建(在调用Action实例之前就已经创建好了)，它和HttpServletRequest对象就没有了任何关系。

request

用于访问请求属性。如：#request[‘user‘]或#request.user，相当于调用了HttpServletRequest对象的getAttribute()方法。

session

用于访问session属性。如：#session[‘user‘]或#session.user，相当于调用了HttpSession对象的getAttribute()方法。

application

用于访问application属性。如：#application[‘user‘]或#application.user，相当于调用了ServletContext的getAttribute()方法。

attr

如果PageContext可用，则访问PageContext，否则依次搜索request、session和application对象。

<%@ page language="java"  pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

           + path + "/";

    request.setAttribute("user", "this is a user.");

   request.getSession().setAttribute("test", "test session scope.");

%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

       <base href="<%=basePath%>">

       <title>test ognl</title>

    </head>

    <body>

       <s:property value="#request.user" />

      <br />

      <s:property value="#session.test" />

    </body>

</html>

userName1=${ requestScope.userName }

userName2=${ userName }

<% request.getAttribute(“userName”) %>

userName3=

<s:property value="#request[‘userName‘]" />

userName4=

<s:property value="#parameters[‘userName‘]" />

userName6=<%=request.getParameter("userName")%>

<!-- 这种方式不可以 -->

${ #request[‘userName‘] }

<!-- action里面的属性是可以直接获取，而不用加# -->

userName5=

<s:property value="userName" />

<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

userName.length()=<s:property value="userName.length()" />

<br />

userName.charAt(1)=<s:property value="userName.charAt(1)" />

<br />

userName.toUpperCase()=<s:property value="userName.toUpperCase()" />

<br />

userName.toLowerCase()=<s:property value="userName.toLowerCase()" />

<br />

min(4,10)=<s:property value="@java.lang.Math@min(4,10)" />

<br />

min(4,10)=<s:property value="@@min(4,10)" />

<br />

E=<s:property value="@@E" />

public class BookDao {

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

    public List<Book> findBook() {

       List<Book> books;

       Session session = null;

       Transaction t = null;

       try {

           session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();

           t = session.beginTransaction();

           String hql = "from Book as b";

           books = session.createQuery(hql).setFirstResult(0).setMaxResults(20).list();

           t.commit();

           return books;

       } catch (Exception e) {

           e.printStackTrace();

       }

       return null;

    }

}

public class BookAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private List<Book> books;

    public List<Book> getBooks() {

       return books;

    }

    public void setBooks(List<Book> books) {

       this.books = books;

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       BookDao dao = new BookDao();

       books = dao.findBook();

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

<s:iterator value="books" var="book">

    <s:property value="#book.bookName" />

    <s:property value="#book.bookPrice" />

    <br />

</s:iterator>

只显示价格大于20的书本信息

<s:iterator value="books.{?#this.bookPrice>20}">

    <s:property value="bookName" />

    <s:property value="bookPrice" />

    <br />

</s:iterator>

package com.struts2.i18n;

import java.util.Locale;

public class TestLocale {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

       Locale[] locales = Locale.getAvailableLocales();

       for (Locale l : locales) {

           System.out.println(l.getLanguage() + ", " + l.getCountry());

       }

    }

}

package com.struts2.i18n;

import java.util.Locale;

import java.util.ResourceBundle;

public class TestI18n {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ResourceBundle rbChina = ResourceBundle.getBundle("i18n", Locale.CHINA);

       String resultChina = rbChina.getString("msg.welcome");

       String result1 = MessageFormat.format(resultChina, new Object[] { "测试" });

       System.out.println(result1);

       ResourceBundle rbUs = ResourceBundle.getBundle("i18n", Locale.US);

       String resultUs = rbUs.getString("msg.welcome");

       String result2= MessageFormat.format(resultUs, new Object[] { "test" });

       System.out.println(result2);

}

}

msg.welcome.=hello {0}

welcome.msg=\u4F60\u597D {0}

<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="i18n" />

LoginAction_en_US.properties

LoginAction_zh_CN.properties

package_zh_CN.properties

this.getText("test", new String[] { "STRUTS2" })

<s:textfield name="test" key="username"></s:textfield>

<s:text name="reg"></s:text>

test=\u6D4B\u8BD5{0}\uFF01

username=\u7528\u6237\u540D

reg=\u6CE8\u518C

test=test{0}\!

username=Username

reg=Register

username=username

password=password

login=login

welcome=welcome {0}

username=\u8D26\u53F7

password=\u5BC6\u7801

login=\u767B\u9646

welcome=\u6B22\u8FCE {0}

<s:form action="login.action" method="get">

    <table>

       <tr>

           <s:textfield name="username" key="username" value="test" />

       </tr>

       <tr>

       <s:textfield name="password" key="password" value="123456" />

       </tr>

       <tr>

           <s:submit key="login" />

       </tr>

    </table>

</s:form>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

       <base href="<%=basePath%>">

       <title></title>

    </head>

    <body>

       <s:text name="welcome">

           <s:param>${username}</s:param>

       </s:text>

    </body>

</html>

ognl.DefaultTypeConverter;

com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultTypeConverter;

Object convertValue(Map context, Object value, Class toType)

Object convertValue(Map context, Object target, Member member, String propertyName, Object value, Class toType)

package com.struts2.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import com.struts2.vo.PointVo;

public class PointAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2400620549484987525L;

    private PointVo point;

    public PointVo getPoint() {

       return point;

    }

    public void setPoint(PointVo point) {

       this.point = point;

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       System.out.print(">>>>>>>>>" + this.getPoint().toString());

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

package com.struts2.vo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**

 * 坐标类

 * @author sinoyang

 */

public class PointVo implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6501123839564353734L;

    private int x;

    private int y;

    ………

    public String toString() {

       return "x=" + this.getX() + ", y=" + this.getY();

    }

}

context

一个上下文对象。

value

要转换的值，这个其实是一个数组，接收客户端提交过来的表单数据，当重名的时候接收的就是一个数组。

toType

要转换成的类型。

package com.struts2.converter;

import java.util.Map;

import ognl.DefaultTypeConverter;

import com.struts2.vo.PointVo;

/**

 * 坐标转换类

 * @author sinoyang

 */

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

public class PointConverter extends DefaultTypeConverter {

    /**

     * @param context 上下文对象

     * @param value 要转换的值，是一个数组

     * @param toType 转换后的对象

     */

    @Override

public Object convertValue(Map context, Object value, Class toType) {

    // 从客户端到string到PointVo的转换

    if (PointVo.class == toType) {

       PointVo vo = new PointVo();

       // 转换成字符串数组，可能有多個同名的，所以是數組

       String str[] = (String[]) value;

       if (str != null && str.length > 0) {

           // 取数组第一个值，按照逗号分隔

           String params[] = str[0].split(",");

           if (params != null && params.length > 1) {

              int x = Integer.parseInt(params[0].trim());

              int y = Integer.parseInt(params[1].trim());

              vo.setX(x);

              vo.setY(y);

           }

       }

       return vo;

    }

    // 从PointVo到String的转换

    if (String.class == toType) {

       PointVo vo = (PointVo) value;

       return "[x=" + vo.getX() + ", y=" + vo.getY() + "]";   

}

    return null;

}

point=com.struts2.converter.PointConverter

<s:form action="point" method="post">

<s:textfield name="test" label="test" value="test"></s:textfield>

<s:textfield name="point" label="坐标" value="10,10"></s:textfield>

<s:submit value="提交"></s:submit>

</s:form>

com.struts2.vo.PointVo=com.struts2.converter.PointConverter

public abstract class StrutsTypeConverter extends DefaultTypeConverter {

    public Object convertValue(Map context, Object o, Class toClass) {

        if (toClass.equals(String.class)) {

            return convertToString(context, o);

        } else if (o instanceof String[]) {

            return convertFromString(context, (String[]) o, toClass);

        } else if (o instanceof String) {

            return convertFromString(context, new String[]{(String) o}, toClass);

        } else {

            return performFallbackConversion(context, o, toClass);

        }

    }

package com.struts2.converter;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.struts2.util.StrutsTypeConverter;

import com.struts2.vo.PointVo;

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

public class PointConverter1 extends StrutsTypeConverter {

    @Override

    public Object convertFromString(Map context, String[] value, Class toType) {

       PointVo p = new PointVo();

       if (value != null && value.length > 0) {

           // 取数组第一个值，按照逗号分隔

           String params[] = value[0].split(",");

           if (params != null && params.length > 1) {

              int x = Integer.parseInt(params[0].trim());

              int y = Integer.parseInt(params[1].trim());

              p.setX(x);

              p.setY(y);

           }

       }

       return p;

    }

    @Override

    public String convertToString(Map context, Object value) {

       PointVo vo = (PointVo) value;

       return "[x=" + vo.getX() + ", y=" + vo.getY() + "]";

    }

}

#com.struts2.vo.PointVo=com.struts2.converter.PointConverter

com.struts2.vo.PointVo=com.struts2.converter.PointConverter1

String regex = "^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_0-9]{5,11}$";  

String regex = "^[a-zA-Z][\\w]{5,11}$";

String regex = "^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_0-9]{5,11}$";

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiangyang"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "Jiangyang"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiang_yang"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiang_yang88"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "aaaaa"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "aaaaaaaaaaaaa"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "111111111"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "_111111111"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiangyang000000"));

String regex = "^\\S{6,12}$";

String regex = "^\\S{6,12}$";

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiangyang"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "JIANGYANG"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiang_yang"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiang.yang"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiang@yang"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiang_yang88"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "666666"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "jiang yang"));

String regex = "^\\d{1,3}$";

String regex = "^\\+?\\d{1,3}$";// 这里考虑前面加一个“+”的情况

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "9"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "21"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "100"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "+23"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "1000"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "-1"));

String regex = "^1\\d{10}$";

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "18664306011"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "15664306011"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "1566430601"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "186643060110"));

String regex = "^(\\w+\\.)?\\w+@\\w+\\w+\\.\\w+$";

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "xx.xx@xx.xx"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "xx@xx.xx"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "@xx.xx"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "xx.xx"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "xx.xx@xx"));
Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "xx.xx@xx."));

String regex = "^\\d+(\\.\\d{1,2})?$";

String regex = "^(\\+)?\\d+(\\.\\d{1,2})?$"; // 前面带"+"

String regex = "^(\\+)?\\d+(\\.\\d{1,2})?$"; // 前面带"+"

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "20"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "20.12"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "20.0"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "20.012"));

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "+20"));

String regex = "^[\u4E00-\u9FA5]+$";

String regex = "^[\u4E00-\u9FA5]+$";

Assert.assertEquals(true, Pattern.matches(regex, "汉字"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "1111"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "dsfdsafad"));

Assert.assertEquals(false, Pattern.matches(regex, "~!@#$%^&*()_+<>?:\"{}|,./;‘[]\‘"));

package com.struts2.action;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class RegistAction extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7689263209084049054L;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private String repassword;

    private int age;

    private String sex;

    private Date birthday;

    ……

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       System.out.println("注册成功............");

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

@Override

public void validate() {

}

String userNameRegex = "^[a-zA-Z]\\w{5,11}$";

if (!Pattern.matches(userNameRegex, this.getUser().getUsername().trim())) {

    logger.error("用户名非法！");

    // 调用字段校验出错方法，保存错误信息，用于在页面显示。

    addFieldError("username", "用户名非法！");

}

String pwdRegex = "^\\S{6,12}$";

if (!Pattern.matches(pwdRegex, this.getUser().getPassword().trim())) {

    logger.error("密码非法！");

    addFieldError("password", "密码非法！");

}

if (!Pattern.matches(pwdRegex, this.getUser().getRepassword().trim())) {

    logger.error("确认密码非法！");

    addFieldError("repassword", "确认密码非法！");

}

if (!this.getUser().getPassword().trim().equals(this.getUser().getRepassword().trim())) {

    logger.error("两次密码不一致！");

    addFieldError("password", "两次密码不一致！");

}

String ageRegex = "^\\+?\\d{1,3}$";

if (!Pattern.matches(ageRegex,

String.valueOf(this.getUser().getAge()))) {

    logger.error("年龄非法！");

    addFieldError("age", "年龄非法！");

}

String emailRegex = "^(\\w+\\.)?\\w+@\\w+\\.\\w+$";

if (!Pattern.matches(emailRegex, this.getUser().getEmail().trim())) {

    logger.error("邮箱非法！");

    addFieldError("email", "邮箱非法！");

}

String telRegex = "^1\\d{10}$";

if (!Pattern.matches(telRegex, this.getUser().getTelephone().trim())) {

    logger.error("电话非法！");

    addFieldError("telephone", "电话非法！");

}

if (this.getUser().getBirthday() != null && this.getUser().getGraduation() != null) {

    Calendar calendar1 = Calendar.getInstance();

    calendar1.setTime(this.getUser().getBirthday());

    Calendar calendar2 = Calendar.getInstance();

    calendar2.setTime(this.getUser().getGraduation());

    if (!calendar1.before(calendar2)) {

       this.addFieldError("birthday", "birthday must before graduation!");

           }

       }

<form action="<%=path%>/regist.action" method="post">

    <center>

       <s:fielderror></s:fielderror>

    </center>

    <table align="center" width="40%" border="1">

       <tr>

           <td>用户名:</td>

           <td>

<input type="text" name="username"

                         value="${requestScope.username}" />

           </td>

       </tr>

       <tr>

           <td>

              密码:

           </td>

           <td>

              <input type="password" name="password" />

           </td>

       </tr>

       <tr>

           <td>

              重复密码:

           </td>

           <td>

              <input type="password" name="repassword" />

           </td>

       </tr>

       <tr>

           <td>

              性别:

           </td>

           <td>

              <input type="text" name="sex" value="${requestScope.sex}" />

           </td>

       </tr>

       <tr>

           <td>

              年龄:

           </td>

           <td>

                     <input type="text" name="age" value="${requestScope.age}" />

                  </td>

              </tr>

              <tr>

                  <td>

                     生日:

                  </td>

                  <td>

                     <input type="text" name="birthday" value="1985-03-13" />

                  </td>

              </tr>

              <tr>

                  <td>

                     <input type="submit" value="注册" />

                  </td>

                  <td>

                     <input type="reset" value="重置" />

                  </td>

              </tr>

           </table>

       </form>

<s:form action="regist.action" method="post">

    <s:textfield name="username" label="用户名"></s:textfield>

    <s:password name="password" label="密码"></s:password>

    <s:password name="repassword" label="重复密码"></s:password>

    <s:textfield name="sex" label="性别"></s:textfield>

    <s:textfield name="age" label="年龄"></s:textfield>

    <s:textfield name="birthday" label="生日"></s:textfield>

    <s:submit value="注册"></s:submit>

</s:form>

xwork.default.invalid.fieldvalue=Invalid field value for field "{0}".

<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="i18n"></constant>

xwork.default.invalid.fieldvalue={0} error

<validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator"/>

<validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="long" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.LongRangeFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="short" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ShortRangeFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="double" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>

<validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>

<validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.EmailValidator"/>

<validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.URLValidator"/>

<validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="stringlength" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="regex" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator"/>

<validator name="conditionalvisitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator"/>

Action name-validation.xml

<!-- 生日必须输入校验 -->

<field-validator type="required">

    <message key="birthday.required" />

</field-validator>

<field-validator type="requiredstring">

           <message key="sex.required" />

       </field-validator>

<field-validator type="int">

           <param name="min">0</param>

           <param name="max">150</param>

           <message key="age.range.invalid" />

       </field-validator>

<field-validator type="date">

           <param name="min">1900-01-01</param>

           <param name="max">2013-05-31</param>

           <message key="birthday.range.invalid" />

       </field-validator>

<field-validator type="stringlength">

    <param name="minLength">6</param>

    <param name="maxLength">12</param>

    <message>用户名的长度应该在${minLength}到${maxLength}之间！</message>

</field-validator>

<field-validator type="conversion">

    <message key="age.invalid" />

</field-validator>

<field name="email">

       <field-validator type="requiredstring">

           <message key="email.required" />

       </field-validator>

       <field-validator type="email">

           <message key="email.invalid" />

       </field-validator>

    </field>

    <field name="website">

       <field-validator type="requiredstring">

           <message key="website.required" />

       </field-validator>

       <field-validator type="url">

           <message key="website.invalid" />

        </field-validator>

    </field>

<!-- 校验两次密码输入是否一致 -->

<field-validator type="fieldexpression">

    <param name="expression">password.equals(repassword)</param>

    <message key="password.not.same" />

</field-validator>

<!-- 正则表达式校验用户名，规则：以大小写字母开头，然后接大小写字母或者数字 -->

<field-validator type="regex">

<param name="expression"><![CDATA[^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]{5,11}$]]></param>

    <message key="username.invalid" />

</field-validator>

<field name="user.ueraname">

    <!-- 用户名必填 -->

    <field-validator type="requiredstring">

       <param name="trim">true</param>

       <message>用户名必须！</message>

    </field-validator>

    <!-- 用户名长度控制 -->

    <field-validator type="stringlength">

       <param name="minLength">6</param>

       <param name="maxLength">12</param>

       <message>用户名长度必须在 ${minLength}， ${maxLength}之间！</message>

    </field-validator>

</field>

<!-- 校验密码 -->

    <field name="user.password">

       <!-- 用户名必填 -->

       <field-validator type="requiredstring">

           <param name="trim">true</param>

           <message>密码必须！</message>

       </field-validator>

       <!-- 用户名长度控制 -->

       <field-validator type="stringlength">

           <param name="minLength">6</param>

           <param name="maxLength">12</param>

           <message>密码长度必须在 ${minLength}， ${maxLength}之间！</message>

       </field-validator>

    </field>

<!-- 校验确认密码 -->

<field name="user.repassword">

    <!-- 确认密码必填 -->

    <field-validator type="requiredstring">

       <param name="trim">true</param>

       <message>确认密码必须！</message>

    </field-validator>

    <!-- 确认密码长度控制 -->

    <field-validator type="stringlength">

       <param name="minLength">6</param>

       <param name="maxLength">12</param>

       <message>确认密码长度必须在 ${minLength}， ${maxLength}之间！</message>

    </field-validator>

    <!-- 校验密码与确认密码是否一致 -->

    <field-validator type="fieldexpression">

       <param name="expression">user.password.equals(user.repassword)</param>

       <message>输入的密码不一致</message>

    </field-validator>

</field>

<!-- 校验年龄 -->

<field name="user.age">

    <field-validator type="required">

       <message>年龄必须！</message>

    </field-validator>

    <field-validator type="conversion">

       <param name="repopulateField">true</param>

       <message>输入的不是年龄！</message>

    </field-validator>

    <field-validator type="int">

       <param name="min">0</param>

       <param name="max">150</param>

       <message>年龄 必须在 ${ min }， ${ max }之间！</message>

    </field-validator>

</field>

<field name="user.email">

    <field-validator type="email">

       <message>输入的不是邮箱地址</message>

    </field-validator>

</field>

<field name="user.telephone">

    <field-validator type="regex">

       <param name="expression"><![CDATA[^1\\d{10}$]]></param>

       <message>输入的电话有问题</message>

    </field-validator>

</field>

<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="i18n" />

xwork.default.invalid.fieldvalue=

# Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by OpenSymphony

# All rights reserved.

xwork.error.action.execution=Error during Action invocation

xwork.exception.missing-action=There is no Action mapped for action name {0}.

xwork.exception.missing-package-action=There is no Action mapped for namespace {0} and action name {1}.

xwork.default.invalid.fieldvalue=Invalid field value for field "{0}".

public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor {

    public void destroy() {

       System.out.println("destory()......");

    }

    public void init() {

       System.out.println("init()......");

    }

    public String intercept(ActionInvocation ai) throws Exception {

       System.out.println("MyInterceptor.intercept() begin......");

       String result = ai.invoke();

       System.out.println("MyInterceptor.intercept() end......");

       return result;

    }

}

<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

    <interceptors>

       <interceptor name="myInterceptor"

              class="com.struts2.interceptor.MyInterceptor" />

    </interceptors>

    <action name="login" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">

       <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor" />

       <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

       <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

       <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />

    </action>

</package>

<interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="com.struts2.interceptor.MyInterceptor">

    <param name="test">value1</param>

</interceptor>

<interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor">

    <param name="test">value2</param>

</interceptor-ref>

<interceptors>

    <interceptor name="myInterceptor"

              class="com.struts2.interceptor.MyInterceptor">

       <param name="test">value1</param>

    </interceptor>

    <interceptor-stack name="myStack">

       <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor" />

       <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />

    </interceptor-stack>

</interceptors>

<action name="login" class="com.struts2.action.LoginAction">

    <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

    <interceptor-ref name="myStack" />

</action>

public abstract class AbstractInterceptor implements Interceptor {

    public void init() {

    }

    public void destroy() {

    }

    public abstract String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception;

}

public class MyInterceptor1 extends AbstractInterceptor {

    @Override

    public String intercept(ActionInvocation ai) throws Exception {

       Object action = ai.getAction();

       System.out.println("action=" + action.getClass().getName());

       System.out.println("MyInterceptor1.intercept() begin......");

       String result = ai.invoke();

       System.out.println("result=" + result);

       System.out.println("MyInterceptor1.intercept() end......");

       return result;

    }

}

<interceptors>

    <interceptor name="myInterceptor"

              class="com.struts2.interceptor.MyInterceptor">

       <param name="test">value1</param>

</interceptor>

    <interceptor name="myInterceptor1"

              class="com.struts2.interceptor.MyInterceptor1" />

    <interceptor-stack name="myStack">

        <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor" />

       <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor1" />

       <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />

    </interceptor-stack>

</interceptors>

public class MethodInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7051308334327505628L;

    @Override

    protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation ai) throws Exception {

       System.out.println("MethodInterceptor.doIntercept() begin......");

       String result = ai.invoke();

       System.out.println("result=" + result);

       System.out.println("MethodInterceptor.doIntercept() end......");

       return result;

    }

}

<interceptor name="myInterceptor2" class="com.struts2.interceptor.MyInterceptor2"></interceptor>

<interceptor-stack name="mis">

    <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor">

       <param name="test">value</param>

    </interceptor-ref>

    <!-- 把系统默认的拦截器栈加进来 -->

    <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>

    <!-- 把第二个拦截器加进来 -->

    <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor1"></interceptor-ref>

    <!-- 把拦截方法的拦截器加进来 -->

    <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor2">

       <param name="includeMethods">execute</param>

<!-- 这里指定要拦截额方法 -->

       <param name="excludeMethods">login</param>

<!-- 指定不拦截的方法 -->

    </interceptor-ref>

</interceptor-stack>

<default-interceptor-ref name="mis"></default-interceptor-ref>

<s:form action="login" method="post">

    <!-- s:token用来防止表单的重复提交。 -->

    <s:token></s:token>

    <s:textfield name="username" value="test" label="用户名"></s:textfield>

    <s:password name="password" value="123456" label="密码"></s:password>

    <s:submit value="提交"></s:submit>

</s:form>

<action name="login"

           class="com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action.LoginAction">

    <!-- 防止表单重复提交的拦截器 -->

    <interceptor-ref name="token"></interceptor-ref>

   <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>

    <result>/results.jsp</result>

    <result name="invalid.token">/token.jsp</result>

</action>

public class AuthorityInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {

    @Override

    public String intercept(ActionInvocation ai) throws Exception {

       // 去session里面获取用户名

       ActionContext ac = ai.getInvocationContext();

      Map<String, Object> session = ac.getSession();

      String name = (String) session.get("name");

      String result = null;

      if (name != null) {

         logger.trace("可以正常访问！");

         result = ai.invoke();

      } else {

         // 没有权限访问

         logger.error("没有权限访问!");

         result = "input";

      }

       return result;

    }

}

<interceptors>

    <interceptor name="authorityInterceptor"

    class="com.csuinfosoft.struts2.interceptor.AuthorityInterceptor" />

    <interceptor-stack name="myStack">

       <interceptor-ref name="authorityInterceptor" />      <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />

    </interceptor-stack>

</interceptors>

<global-results>

    <result name="input">/login.jsp</result>

</global-results>

<action name="addStudent"

           class="com.csuinfosoft.struts2.action.StudentAction" method="add">

    <result name="success" type="redirectAction">

       queryAllStudent

    </result>

    <interceptor-ref name="myStack"></interceptor-ref>

</action>

<!-- 配置上传的临时目录 -->

<constant name="struts.multipart.saveDir" value="D:\temp" />

<!-- 配置上传时候form表单可以接受的最大字节数 -->

<constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="5097152" />

<s:form action="upload.action" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    <s:textfield name="title" label="标题" />

    <s:file name="file" label="选择图片" />

    <s:submit value="上传" />

</s:form>

public class UploadAction extends ActionSupport {

    // 普通字段

   private String title;

   // 上传文件字段

   private File file;

   // 文件的类型

   private String fileContentType;

   // 文件的名称

   private String fileFileName;

   // 上传文件的保存路径

   private String savePath;

    public String getSavePath() {

       return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/" + savePath);

    }

    public void setSavePath(String savePath) {

       this.savePath = savePath;

    }

    public String getTitle() {

       return title;

    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {

       this.title = title;

    }

    public File getFile() {

       return file;

    }

    public void setFile(File file) {

       this.file = file;

    }

    public String getFileContentType() {

       return fileContentType;

    }

    public void setFileContentType(String fileContentType) {

       this.fileContentType = fileContentType;

    }

    public String getFileFileName() {

       return fileFileName;

    }

    public void setFileFileName(String fileFileName) {

       this.fileFileName = fileFileName;

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       if (!new File(this.getSavePath()).exists()) {

           System.out.println(this.getSavePath() + "不存在！先创建。");

           new File(this.getSavePath()).mkdirs();

       }

       String outputPath = this.getSavePath() + File.separator + this.getFileFileName();

//     System.out.println("outputPath=" + outputPath);

//     System.out.println("fileContentType=" + fileContentType);

//     System.out.println("fileFileName=" + fileFileName);

//     OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(outputPath);

//     InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);

//     byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];

//     int len = 0;

//     while ((len = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {

//         os.write(buffer, 0, len);

//     }

//     os.close();

//     is.close();

       FileUtils.copyFile(file, new File(outputPath));

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

<body>

    上传成功！<br />

     <img src="<s:property value="‘upload/‘ + fileFileName"/>" />

<img src="upload/<s:property value="fileFileName"/>" />

</body>

<action name="upload" class="com.struts2.action.UploadAction">

           <!-- 上传后的路径 -->

           <param name="savePath">/upload</param>

           <!-- 配置允许上传的文件类型 -->

           <param name="allowTypes">

              image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg

           </param>

           <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

           <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

       </action>

// 配置允许上传的文件类型

    private String allowTypes;

/**

     * 过滤类型

     * @param types

     * @return

     */

    public String filterTypes(String types[]) {

       // 获取上传的文件类型

       String fileType = this.getFileContentType();

       for (String type : types) {

           if (type.equals(fileType)) {

              return null;

           }

       }

       return ERROR;

    }

    @Override

    public void validate() {

       String filterResult = filterTypes(getAllowTypes().split(","));

       if (filterResult != null) {

           this.addFieldError("file", "上传文件类型不支持！");

       }

    }

public class UploadAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String title;

    // 上传的文件字段

    private File file;

    private String fileContentType;

    private String fileFileName;

    private String savePath;

    ……

    public String getSavePath() {

       return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");

    }

    public void setSavePath(String savePath) {

       this.savePath = savePath;

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       logger.info("savePath={}", this.getSavePath());

       logger.info("fileFileName={}", fileFileName);

       logger.info("fileContentType={}", fileContentType);

       String outputPath = this.getSavePath() + File.separator + fileFileName;

       logger.info("outputPath={}", outputPath);

       // 判断上传目录是否存在

       if (!new File(this.getSavePath()).exists()) {

           logger.info("outputPath {}不存在，创建", outputPath);

           new File(this.getSavePath()).mkdirs();

       }

       InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);

       OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(outputPath);

       byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];

       int len = 0;

       while ((len = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {

           os.write(buffer, 0, len);

       }

       os.close();

       is.close();

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

// 使用commons-io-1.3.2.jar里面提供的方法实现。

File outputFile = new File(outputPath);

FileUtils.copyFile(file, outputFile);

maximumSize

单个上传文件的最大字节数，单位是字节

allowedTypes

配置允许上传的文件类型，多个的话用逗号隔开。

<action name="upload1"

           class="com.struts2.action.UploadAction1">

    <param name="savePath">/upload</param>

    <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload">

       <!-- 单个上传文件的最大字节数 -->

       <param name="maximumSize">1048576</param>

       <!-- 配置允许上传的文件类型 -->

       <param name="allowedTypes">

           image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg,image/bmp

       </param>

    </interceptor-ref>

    <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>

    <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<s:form action="upload1.action" method="post"

           enctype="multipart/form-data">

    <s:textfield name="title" label="标题" />

    <s:file name="file" label="头像" />

    <s:submit value="提交" />

</s:form>

public class UploadAction2 extends ActionSupport {

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UploadAction2.class);

    private String title;

    private List<File> file;

    private List<String> fileContentType;

    private List<String> fileFileName;

    private String savePath;

    ……

    public String getSavePath() {

       return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/" + savePath);

    }

    public void setSavePath(String savePath) {

       this.savePath = savePath;

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       for (int i = 0; i < file.size(); i++) {

           logger.info("savePath={}", this.getSavePath());

           logger.info("fileFileName={}", fileFileName.get(i));

           logger.info("fileContentType={}", fileContentType.get(i));

           String outputPath = this.getSavePath() + File.separator + fileFileName.get(i);

           logger.info("outputPath={}", outputPath);

           // 判断上传目录是否存在

           if (!new File(this.getSavePath()).exists()) {

              logger.info("outputPath {}不存在，创建", outputPath);

              new File(this.getSavePath()).mkdirs();

           }

           // 构造目标文件

           File outputFile = new File(outputPath);

           FileUtils.copyFile(file.get(i), outputFile);

       }

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

<action name="upload2"

           class="com.struts2.action.UploadAction2">

    <param name="savePath">/upload</param>

    <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload">

       <!-- 单个上传文件的最大字节数 -->

       <param name="maximumSize">1048576</param>

       <!-- 配置允许上传的文件类型 -->

       <param name="allowedTypes">

           image/png,image/gif,image/jpeg,image/bmp

       </param>

    </interceptor-ref>

    <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>

    <result name="success">/results.jsp</result>

    <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>

</action>

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<html>

    <head>

       <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

       <title></title>

       <script type="text/javascript">

   function addMore(){

    var more = document.getElementById("more");

    var br = document.createElement("br");

    var file = document.createElement("input");

    var button = document.createElement("input");

    file.type = "file";

    file.name = "file";

    button.type = "button";

    button.value = "删除...";

    button.onclick = function(){

     //alert("remove");

     more.removeChild(br);

     more.removeChild(file);

     more.removeChild(button);

    }

    more.appendChild(br);

    more.appendChild(file);

    more.appendChild(button);

   }

  </script>

    </head>

    <body>

       <form action="upload2.action" method="post"

           enctype="multipart/form-data">

           <table width="50%" border="0">

              <tr>

                  <td>title:</td>

                  <td><input type="text" name="title" /></td>

              </tr>

              <tr>

                  <td>file:</td>

                  <td id="more">

                     <input type="file" name="file" />

                     <input type="button" value="更多..." onclick="addMore()" />

                  </td>

              </tr>

              <tr>

                  <td><input type="submit" value="提交" /></td>

                  <td><input type="reset" value="重置" /></td>

              </tr>

           </table>

       </form>

    </body>

</html>

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<%

    String path = request.getContextPath();

    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()

           + path + "/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

       <base href="<%=basePath%>">

       <title>上传结果页面</title>

    </head>

    <body>

       <s:iterator value="fileFileName">

           <img src="upload/<s:property/>" />

           <hr />

       </s:iterator>

       <br />

    </body>

</html>

文件太大

struts.messages.error.file.too.large=

文件类型不支持

struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed =

contentType

发送给Web浏览器的数据流的MIME类型(默认是text/plain)，即下载文件内容类型

contentDisposition

用于控制文件下载的一些信息，可选择的设置包括：inline;filename=“下载文件名”和attachment;filename=“下载文件名”,filename指定下载的文件名。Inline表示下载文件在本页面内部打开，attachement表示弹出”文件下载”对话框。不过，这也不是绝对的，对于浏览器能够显示的下载文件是这样的，对于浏览器不支持的下载类型，即使使用inline选项，仍然会弹出”文件下载”对话框。 contentDisposition的默认值是inline.

inputName

Action中用来下载文件的属性的名字，该属性的类型是InputStream.默认值是inputStream.

bufferSize

文件数据从输入复制到输出的缓冲区的大小，默认为1024字节。

public class DownloadAction extends ActionSupport {

    public InputStream getDownloadFile() {

       return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/upload/404.jpg");

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       logger.info("DownloadAction......");

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

<action name="download"

           class="com.struts2.action.DownloadAction">

    <result name="success" type="stream">

       <param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param>

       <param name="contentDisposition">

         attachment;fileName=test.jpg

      </param>

       <param name="inputName">downloadFile</param>

      <param name="bufferSize">4096</param>

    </result>

</action>

<a href="download.action">下载</a>

public List<BookVo> queryBooks() {

    logger.info("queryBooks()........");

    List<BookVo> books = null;

    Session session = null;

    Transaction t = null;

    try {

       session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();

       t = session.beginTransaction();

       String hql = "from BookVo as b";

           books = session.createQuery(hql).setFirstResult(0).setMaxResults(100).list();

       t.commit();

    } catch (HibernateException e) {

       throw e;

    } finally {

       if (session != null && session.isOpen()) {

           HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();

       }

    }

    return books;

}

public class DownloadAction1 extends ActionSupport {

    // 下载文件的名称

    private String downloadFileName;

    public String getDownloadFileName() {

       return downloadFileName;

    }

    public void setDownloadFileName(String downloadFileName) {

       this.downloadFileName = downloadFileName;

    }

    public InputStream getDownloadFile() {

       logger.info("getDownloadFile()......");

       return ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(

              "/download" + File.separator + downloadFileName);

    }

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       logger.info("execute()......");

       // 设置下载文件文件名：文件名规则是 时间戳.txt

       String fileName = new Date().getTime() + ".txt";

       this.setDownloadFileName(fileName);

       BookService service = new BookService();

       service.getBooks(fileName);

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

public void getBooks(String downlaodFileName) {

    logger.info("getBooks()......");

    // 从DAO获取数据

    BookDao dao = new BookDao();

    List<BookVo> books = dao.queryBooks();

    // 确定下载目录是否存在

    String downloadDir = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/download");

    logger.info("downloadDir={}", downloadDir);

    if (!new File(downloadDir).exists()) {

       logger.error("downloadDir {} is not exist", downloadDir);

       new File(downloadDir).mkdirs();

    }

    String filePath = downloadDir + File.separator + downlaodFileName;

    logger.info("下载文件路径={}", filePath);

    File file = new File(filePath);

    try {

       // 写成TXT文件

       FileUtils.writeLines(file, "UTF-8", books);

    } catch (IOException e) {

       e.printStackTrace();

    }

}

<action name="download1"

           class="com.struts2.action.DownloadAction1">

    <result name="success" type="stream">

       <param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param>

       <param name="contentDisposition">

                  attachment;fileName=${ downloadFileName }

       </param>

       <param name="inputName">downloadFile</param>

       <param name="bufferSize">4096</param>

    </result>

</action>

<users>

    <user>

       <id>1</id>

       <name>zhansan</name>

       <sex>male</sex>

    </user>

    <user>

       <id>2</id>

       <name>lisi</name>

       <sex>femle</sex>

    </user>

</users>

[{id:1,name:zhansan, sex:male}, {id:2,name:lisi,sex:femle}]

json-lib-2.1-jdk15.jar

struts2-json-plugin-2.2.1.jar

<package name="json-default" extends="struts-default">

    <result-types>

        <result-type name="json" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONResult"/>

    </result-types>

    <interceptors>

        <interceptor name="json" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONInterceptor"/>

    </interceptors>

</package>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

    <head>

       <base href="<%=basePath%>">

       <title>解析STRUTS2对JSON的支持</title>

       <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page" />

       <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=path%>/js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>

       <script type="text/javascript">

           $(function(){

            $("#people").change(function(){

                var people = this.value.trim();

                $.ajax({

                   type : "POST",

                   url : "json.action",

                   data : "people=" + people,

                   dataType : "json",

                   success : function(data) {

                      alert(data);

                   },

                   success : function(data) {

                      alert(data)

                   }

                });

            });

         });

       </script>

    </head>

    <body>

       <s:select id="people" name="people" list="#{‘zs‘ : ‘张三‘, ‘ls‘ : ‘李四‘}"

         value="‘zs‘"></s:select>

    </body>

</html>

public class JsonAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String people;

    private String name;

    private String sex;

    private int age;

   setter,getter……

    @Override

    public String execute() throws Exception {

       return SUCCESS;

    }

}

<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="json-default">

    <action name="json" class="com.struts2.action.JsonAction">

       <result type="json"></result>

    </action>

</package>

{"age":0,"name":null,"people":"zs","sex":null}

public String execute() throws Exception {

    logger.info("execute()......");

    if ("zs".equals(this.getPeople())) {

       this.setName("张三");

       this.setAge(22);

       this.setSex("男");

    } else if ("ls".equals(this.getPeople())) {

       this.setName("李四");

       this.setAge(21);

       this.setSex("女");

    }

    return SUCCESS;

}

{"age":21,"name":"李四","people":"ls","sex":"女"}

@JSON(name="realName")

public String getName() {

    return name;

}

{"age":22,"realName":"张三","people":"zs","sex":"男"}

@JSON(serialize = false)

public String getPeople() {

    return people;

}

{"age":22,"realName":"张三","sex":"男"}

private Date date;

{"age":21,"date":"2013-11-02T11:19:37","realName":"李四","sex":"女"}

@JSON(format="yyyy年MM月dd日")

public Date getDate() {

    return date;

}

{"age":22,"date":"2013年11月02日","realName":"张三","sex":"男"}

<action name="json" class="com.struts2.action.JsonAction">

    <result type="json">

       <param name="excludeProperties">date,people</param>

    </result>

</action>

{"age":21,"realName":"李四","sex":"女"}

<result type="json">

<param name="excludeProperties">date</param>

    <param name="includeProperties">date,sex,realName,age</param>

</result>

{"age":21,"realName":"李四","sex":"女"}

public class People implements Serializable {

    private int id;

private String name;

getter(),setter()……

}

private People p = new People();

{

    "age": 21,

    "date": "2013年11月02日",

    "realName": "李四",

    "p": {

        "id": 0,

        "name": null

    },

    "people": "ls",

    "sex": "女"

}

<result type="json">

    <param name="root">p</param>

</result>

{"id":0,"name":null}

<param name="ignoreHierarchy">false</param>

{

    "actionErrors": [],

    "actionMessages": [],

    "age": 21,

    "date": "2013年11月02日",

    "errorMessages": [],

    "errors": {},

    "fieldErrors": {},

    "locale": "zh_CN",

    "realName": "李四",

    "p": {

        "id": 0,

        "name": null

    },

    "people": "ls",

    "sex": "女",

    "texts": null

}

<param name="excludeNullProperties">true</param>

{

    "actionErrors": [],

    "actionMessages": [],

    "age": 22,

    "date": "2013年11月02日",

    "errorMessages": [],

    "errors": {},

    "fieldErrors": {},

    "locale": "zh_CN",

    "realName": "张三",

    "p": {

        "id": 0

    },

    "people": "zs",

    "sex": "男"

}