1、Form组件可以做的几件事情
1、用户请求数据验证
2、自动生成错误信息
3、打包用户提交的正确信息
4、如果其中有一个错误了，其他的正确这，保留上次输入的内容
5、自动创建input标签并可以设置样式
2、Django内置字段如下
Field
required = True, #是否允许为空
widget = None, #HTML插件
label = None, #用于生成Label标签或显示内容
initial = None, #初始值
help_text = '', #帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
error_messages = None, #错误信息{'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
show_hidden_initial = False, #是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直）
validators = [], #自定义验证规则
localize = False, #是否支持本地化
disabled = False, #是否可以编辑
label_suffix = None #Label内容后缀
CharField(Field)
max_length = None, #最大长度
min_length = None, #最小长度
strip = True #是否移除用户输入空白
IntegerField(Field)
max_value = None, #最大值
min_value = None, #最小值
DecimalField(IntegerField)
max_value = None, #最大值
min_value = None, #最小值
max_digits = None, #总长度
decimal_places = None, #小数位长度
BaseTemporalField(Field)
input_formats = None # 时间格式化
DateField(BaseTemporalField) #格式：2015 - 09 - 01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField) # 格式：11: 12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField) #格式：2015 - 09 - 01 11: 12
DurationField(Field) #时间间隔： % d % H: % M: % S. % f
...
RegexField(CharField)
regex, #自定制正则表达式
max_length = None, #最大长度
min_length = None, #最小长度
error_message = None, #忽略，错误信息使用error_messages = {'invalid': '...'}
FileField(Field)
allow_empty_file = False #是否允许空文件
ChoiceField(Field)
...
choices = (), #选项，如：choices = ((0, '上海'), (1, '北京'),)
required = True, #是否必填
widget = None, #插件，默认select插件
label = None, #Label内容
initial = None, #初始值
help_text = '', #帮助提示
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据
empty_label = "---------", # 默认空显示内容
to_field_name = None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段
limit_choices_to = None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val #对选中的值进行一次转换
empty_value = '' # 空值的默认值
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val #对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
empty_value = '' #空值的默认值
ComboField(Field)
fields = () #使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式 fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(), ])
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
input_date_formats = None, #格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
input_time_formats = None #格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
FilePathField(ChoiceField) #文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中
path, #文件夹路径
match = None, #正则匹配
recursive = False, #递归下面的文件夹
allow_files = True, #允许文件
allow_folders = False, #允许文件夹
required = True,
widget = None,
label = None,
initial = None,
help_text = ''
GenericIPAddressField
protocol = 'both', both, ipv4, ipv6支持的IP格式
unpack_ipv4 = False 解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff: 192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用3、常用选择插件
# 单radio，值为字符串 user = fields.CharField( initial=2, widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) ) # 单radio，值为字符串 user = fields.ChoiceField( choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), initial=2, widget=widgets.RadioSelect ) # 单select，值为字符串 user = fields.CharField( initial=2, widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) ) # 单select，值为字符串 user = fields.ChoiceField( choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), initial=2, widget=widgets.Select ) # 多选select，值为列表 user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),), initial=[1,], widget=widgets.SelectMultiple ) # 单checkbox user = fields.CharField( widget=widgets.CheckboxInput() ) # 多选checkbox,值为列表 user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( initial=[2, ], choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple )
二、表单渲染注册页面
views.py文件内容:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
class UserForm(forms.Form):
user=forms.CharField(label="用户名",
min_length=5,
error_messages={"required":"不能为空","min_length":"最小长度不能小于5"},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
)
tel=forms.CharField(label="手机号",max_length=8, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
email=forms.EmailField(label="邮箱", widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
def reg(request):
if request.method=="POST":
#form=UserForm({"user":"alex999","tel":'123',"email":"111","123":123})
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("====>",form.cleaned_data) # 校验成功的字段{"user":"alex999","tel":'123'}
print("====>",form.errors) # 校验失败的字段
return HttpResponse("添加成功")
else:
# print("---->", form.cleaned_data) #
# print("---->", type(form.errors)) # <class 'django.forms.utils.ErrorDict'>
# print("---->", type(form.errors["user"])) #
# print("---->", form.errors["user"][0]) #
return render(request, 'reg.html',{"form":form})
form=UserForm()
return render(request,'reg.html',{"form":form})reg.html文件内容：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
span{
color: red!important;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
{#####################################方案一：#######################################}
<div>
<div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for filed in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ filed.label }}</label>
{{ filed }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{#####################################方案二：#######################################}
<div>
<div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
用户名：
{{ form.user }}
</div>
<div>
邮箱：
{{ form.email }}
</div>
<div>
手机号：
{{ form.tel }}
</div>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{#####################################方案三：#######################################}
<div>
<div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>三、示例
views.py文件内容：
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class TeacherForm(Form): #必须继承Form
username = fields.CharField(
required=True, #必填字段
error_messages={"required":"用户名不能为空！！"}, #显示中文错误提示
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"用户名","class":"form-control"}) #自动生成input框
)
password = fields.CharField(required=True, error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': '密码', 'class': 'form-control'})) # 不能为空
email = fields.EmailField(
required=True,
error_messages={"required":"邮箱不能为空！！","invalid":"无效的邮箱"},
widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"placeholder": "邮箱", "class": "form-control"}) # 自动生成input框
) #不能为空且邮箱格式要一致
def teacherindex(request):
teacher_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
return render(request,"teacherindex.html",{"teacher_obj":teacher_obj})
def add(request):
if request.method=="GET":
form = TeacherForm() #只是让显示一个input框
return render(request,"add.html",{"form":form })
else:
form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST)
# print(form) #<QuerySet [<UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>]>
if form.is_valid(): # 开始验证
# print('执行成功',form.cleaned_data) # 所有匹配成功，字典
form.cleaned_data['ut_id'] = 1 #要分的清是班主任还是讲师
models.UserInfo.objects.all().create(**form.cleaned_data)
return redirect("/teacherindex/")
else:
# print("=====?",form.errors,type(form.errors))#返回失败的结果
# print(form.errors["username"][0]) #拿到返回失败的结果，渲染到页面
return render(request,"add.html",{"form":form})前端html页面：
{% block right %}
<h1>添加老师信息</h1>
<hr>
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p>姓名：{{ form.username }}</p>{{ form.errors.username.0 }}
<p>密码：{{ form.password }}</p>{{ form.errors.password.0 }}
<p>邮箱：{{ form.email }}</p>{{ form.errors.email.0 }}
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
{% endblock %}原文：http://blog.51cto.com/qidian510/2113301