(闲来无事,做做测试..)最近弄了弄appium,感觉挺有意思,就深入研究了下。
看小弟这篇文章之前,先了解一下appium的架构,对你理解有好处,推荐下面这篇文章:testerhome
appium是开源项目,可以获得源码:appium-master
在eclipse中用maven导入会发现有2个项目:bootstrap和sauce_appium_junit。
sauce_appium_junit是一些测试用例的集合,帮助学习的。bootstrap就是appium架构中放在手机端的一个服务器。就从它开始吧。
如图所示为bootstrap的项目结构
bootstrap在appium中是以jar包的形式存在的,它实际上是一个uiautomator写的case包,通过PC端的命令可以在手机端执行。
首先程序的入口为Bootstrap类。所以从该类开始一步一步解释这个项目
Bootstrap.java
package io.appium.android.bootstrap; import io.appium.android.bootstrap.exceptions.SocketServerException; import com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestCase; /** * The Bootstrap class runs the socket server. uiautomator开发的脚本,可以直接在pc端启动 */ public class Bootstrap extends UiAutomatorTestCase { public void testRunServer() { SocketServer server; try { // 启动socket服务器,监听4724端口。 server = new SocketServer(4724); server.listenForever(); } catch (final SocketServerException e) { Logger.error(e.getError()); System.exit(1); } } }
该类很简单,就是启动线程,监听4724端口,该端口与appium通信。
然后走server.listenForever()方法。
SocketServer.java
/** * Listens on the socket for data, and calls {@link #handleClientData()} when * it's available. * * @throws SocketServerException */ public void listenForever() throws SocketServerException { Logger.debug("Appium Socket Server Ready"); //读取strings.json文件的数据 UpdateStrings.loadStringsJson(); // 注册两种监听器:AND和Crash dismissCrashAlerts(); final TimerTask updateWatchers = new TimerTask() { @Override public void run() { try { // 检查系统是否有异常 watchers.check(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } }; // 计时器,0.1秒后开始,每隔0.1秒执行一次。 timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(updateWatchers, 100, 100); try { client = server.accept(); Logger.debug("Client connected"); in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream(), "UTF-8")); out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8")); while (keepListening) { // 获取客户端数据 handleClientData(); } in.close(); out.close(); client.close(); Logger.debug("Closed client connection"); } catch (final IOException e) { throw new SocketServerException("Error when client was trying to connect"); } }
该方法中首先调用UpdateStrings.loadStringsJson();该方法如下:
UpdateStrings
/** * strings.json文件保存的是apk的strings.xml里的内容,在Bootstrap启动前由appium服务器解析并push到设备端的 * * @return */ public static boolean loadStringsJson() { Logger.debug("Loading json..."); try { final String filePath = "/data/local/tmp/strings.json"; final File jsonFile = new File(filePath); // json will not exist for apks that are only on device // 你的case必须写明apk的路径,如果启动设备上已有的应用而case中没有app路径,此时json文件是不存在的 // because the node server can't extract the json from the apk. if (!jsonFile.exists()) { return false; } final DataInputStream dataInput = new DataInputStream( new FileInputStream(jsonFile)); final byte[] jsonBytes = new byte[(int) jsonFile.length()]; dataInput.readFully(jsonBytes); // this closes FileInputStream dataInput.close(); final String jsonString = new String(jsonBytes, "UTF-8"); // 将读取出来的信息赋给Find类中的属性,以做后用 Find.apkStrings = new JSONObject(jsonString); Logger.debug("json loading complete."); } catch (final Exception e) { Logger.error("Error loading json: " + e.getMessage()); return false; } return true; }
public void dismissCrashAlerts() { try { new UiWatchers().registerAnrAndCrashWatchers(); Logger.debug("Registered crash watchers."); } catch (final Exception e) { Logger.debug("Unable to register crash watchers."); } }
final TimerTask updateWatchers = new TimerTask() { @Override public void run() { try { // 检查系统是否有异常 watchers.check(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } }; // 计时器,0.1秒后开始,每隔0.1秒执行一次。 timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(updateWatchers, 100, 100);
client = server.accept(); Logger.debug("Client connected"); in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream(), "UTF-8")); out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"));
/** * When data is available on the socket, this method is called to run the * command or throw an error if it can't. * * @throws SocketServerException */ private void handleClientData() throws SocketServerException { try { input.setLength(0); // clear String res; int a; // (char) -1 is not equal to -1. // ready is checked to ensure the read call doesn't block. while ((a = in.read()) != -1 && in.ready()) { input.append((char) a); } final String inputString = input.toString(); Logger.debug("Got data from client: " + inputString); try { final AndroidCommand cmd = getCommand(inputString); Logger.debug("Got command of type " + cmd.commandType().toString()); res = runCommand(cmd); Logger.debug("Returning result: " + res); } catch (final CommandTypeException e) { res = new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR, e.getMessage()) .toString(); } catch (final JSONException e) { res = new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR, "Error running and parsing command").toString(); } out.write(res); out.flush(); } catch (final IOException e) { throw new SocketServerException("Error processing data to/from socket (" + e.toString() + ")"); } }
该方法中读取客户端发来的数据,利用getCommand()方法获得AndroidCommand对象,然后执行runCommand()方法,获取直接的结果。那么该方法的作用就转移到了runCommand()。所以现在就来看runCommand()方法是啥意思啦。
/** * When {@link #handleClientData()} has valid data, this method delegates the * command. * * @param cmd * AndroidCommand * @return Result */ private String runCommand(final AndroidCommand cmd) { AndroidCommandResult res; if (cmd.commandType() == AndroidCommandType.SHUTDOWN) { keepListening = false; res = new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.SUCCESS, "OK, shutting down"); } else if (cmd.commandType() == AndroidCommandType.ACTION) { try { res = executor.execute(cmd); } catch (final Exception e) { res = new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR, e.getMessage()); } } else { // this code should never be executed, here for future-proofing res = new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.UNKNOWN_ERROR, "Unknown command type, could not execute!"); } return res.toString(); } }
AndroidCommandExecutor.java
/** * Gets the handler out of the map, and executes the command. * * @param command * The {@link AndroidCommand} * @return {@link AndroidCommandResult} */ public AndroidCommandResult execute(final AndroidCommand command) { try { Logger.debug("Got command action: " + command.action()); if (map.containsKey(command.action())) { return map.get(command.action()).execute(command); } else { return new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.UNKNOWN_COMMAND, "Unknown command: " + command.action()); } } catch (final JSONException e) { Logger.error("Could not decode action/params of command"); return new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.JSON_DECODER_ERROR, "Could not decode action/params of command, please check format!"); } }
if (map.containsKey(command.action())) { return map.get(command.action()).execute(command); } else { return new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.UNKNOWN_COMMAND, "Unknown command: " + command.action()); }
关键是上面这几行代码,调用了map.get(command.action()).execute(command).看来要想弄懂这个命令的意思,肯定得知道map里存放的对象是哪些,那么在该类中找到map的初始化代码:
static { map.put("waitForIdle", new WaitForIdle()); map.put("clear", new Clear()); map.put("orientation", new Orientation()); map.put("swipe", new Swipe()); map.put("flick", new Flick()); map.put("drag", new Drag()); map.put("pinch", new Pinch()); map.put("click", new Click()); map.put("touchLongClick", new TouchLongClick()); map.put("touchDown", new TouchDown()); map.put("touchUp", new TouchUp()); map.put("touchMove", new TouchMove()); map.put("getText", new GetText()); map.put("setText", new SetText()); map.put("getName", new GetName()); map.put("getAttribute", new GetAttribute()); map.put("getDeviceSize", new GetDeviceSize()); map.put("scrollTo", new ScrollTo()); map.put("find", new Find()); map.put("getLocation", new GetLocation()); map.put("getSize", new GetSize()); map.put("wake", new Wake()); map.put("pressBack", new PressBack()); map.put("dumpWindowHierarchy", new DumpWindowHierarchy()); map.put("pressKeyCode", new PressKeyCode()); map.put("longPressKeyCode", new LongPressKeyCode()); map.put("takeScreenshot", new TakeScreenshot()); map.put("updateStrings", new UpdateStrings()); map.put("getDataDir", new GetDataDir()); map.put("performMultiPointerGesture", new MultiPointerGesture()); map.put("openNotification", new OpenNotification()); }
继承CommandHandler的对象有很多,我挑一个来讲讲它具体是干嘛的,其他的我以后会挨个讲,就挑click吧。
加入现在传过来的命令后缀是click的话,那么它会调用Click对象的execute方法。
Click.java
package io.appium.android.bootstrap.handler; import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiDevice; import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObjectNotFoundException; import io.appium.android.bootstrap.*; import org.json.JSONException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Hashtable; /** * This handler is used to click elements in the Android UI. * * Based on the element Id, click that element. * */ public class Click extends CommandHandler { /* * @param command The {@link AndroidCommand} * * @return {@link AndroidCommandResult} * * @throws JSONException * * @see io.appium.android.bootstrap.CommandHandler#execute(io.appium.android. * bootstrap.AndroidCommand) */ @Override public AndroidCommandResult execute(final AndroidCommand command) throws JSONException { if (command.isElementCommand()) { try { final AndroidElement el = command.getElement(); el.click(); return getSuccessResult(true); } catch (final UiObjectNotFoundException e) { return new AndroidCommandResult(WDStatus.NO_SUCH_ELEMENT, e.getMessage()); } catch (final Exception e) { // handle NullPointerException return getErrorResult("Unknown error"); } } else { final Hashtable<String, Object> params = command.params(); final Double[] coords = { Double.parseDouble(params.get("x").toString()), Double.parseDouble(params.get("y").toString()) }; final ArrayList<Integer> posVals = absPosFromCoords(coords); final boolean res = UiDevice.getInstance().click(posVals.get(0), posVals.get(1)); return getSuccessResult(res); } } }
map.put("touchDown", new TouchDown());
这个类里面的execute方法就有点意思啦。
TouchDown.java
package io.appium.android.bootstrap.handler; import com.android.uiautomator.common.ReflectionUtils; import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObjectNotFoundException; import io.appium.android.bootstrap.Logger; import java.lang.reflect.Method; /** * This handler is used to perform a touchDown event on an element in the * Android UI. * */ public class TouchDown extends TouchEvent { @Override protected boolean executeTouchEvent() throws UiObjectNotFoundException { printEventDebugLine("TouchDown"); try { final ReflectionUtils utils = new ReflectionUtils(); final Method touchDown = utils.getControllerMethod("touchDown", int.class, int.class); return (Boolean) touchDown.invoke(utils.getController(), clickX, clickY); } catch (final Exception e) { Logger.debug("Problem invoking touchDown: " + e); return false; } } }
说了这么多废话,尝试着用流程图描述一遍吧。
appium框架之bootstrap,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/itfootball/article/details/37910683