官方文档：https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone
1 --depth<depth>
Create a shallow clone with a history truncated to the specified number of commits. Implies --single-branch unless --no-single-branch is given to fetch the histories near the tips of all branches. If you want to clone submodules shallowly, also pass --shallow-submodules.
只克隆最近的一次commit
2 -b <name>
Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed to by the cloned repository’s HEAD, point to <name> branch instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will be checked out.--branch can also take tags and detaches the HEAD at that commit in the resulting repository.
clone时某个<name>分支而不是默认Origin HEAD（master）
示例：https://www.cnblogs.com/nylcy/p/6569284.html
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/654321cc/p/9265480.html