Nginx 负载均衡实践
一、安装源码包
下载安装 pcre-8.32.tar.gz
1. wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.32.tar.gz
2. tar zxvf pcre-8.32.tar.gz
3. cd pcre-8.32
4. ./configure (注：configure: error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support. yum install -y gcc gcc-c++)
5. make && make install
下载安装nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
(注：./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library. yum install -y zlib-devel)
make
make install
注：--with-pcre 指定pcre的源码目录，如果要安装zlib的话也是这样，添加个--with-zlib，后面加个源码路径
二、nginx配置（nginx负载均衡的最简化模型）
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http{
upstream myproject {
#这里指定多个源服务器，ip:端口,80端口的话可写可不写
server 192.168.43.158:80;
server 192.168.41.167;
}
server {
listen 8080;
location / {
proxy_pass http://myproject;
}
}
}
三、详细配置nginx
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#运行用户
user nginx nginx;
#启动进程
worker_processes 2;
#全局错误日志及PID文件
error_log logs/error.log notice;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#工作模式及每个进程连接数上限
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024; #所以nginx支持的总连接数就等于worker_processes * worker_connections
}
#设定http服务器,利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http {
#设定mime类型
include mime.types; #这个是说nginx支持哪些多媒体类型，可以到conf/mime.types查看支持哪些多媒体
default_type application/octet-stream; #默认的数据类型
#设定日志格式
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ‘
‘"$request" $status $bytes_sent ‘
‘"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ‘
‘"$gzip_ratio"‘;
log_format download ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ‘
‘"$request" $status $bytes_sent ‘
‘"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ‘
‘"$http_range" "$sent_http_content_range"‘;
#设定请求缓冲
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
#开启gzip模块
#gzip on;
#gzip_min_length 1100;
#gzip_buffers 4 8k;
#gzip_types text/plain;
#output_buffers 1 32k;
#postpone_output 1460;
#设定access log
access_log logs/access.log main;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#设定负载均衡的服务器列表
upstream mysvr {
#weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大
server 192.168.207.129:80 weight=5;
server 192.168.207.130:8080 weight=5;
server 192.168.207.131:8080 weight=2;
}
server { #这个是设置web服务的，监听8080端口
listen 8080;
server_name 192.168.207.131;
index index.html index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root html;
#}
}
#设定虚拟主机
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.207.131;
#charset gb2312;
#设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
access_log logs/three.web.access.log main;
#如果访问 /img/*, /js/*, /css/* 资源,则直接取本地文件,不通过squid
#如果这些文件较多,不推荐这种方式,因为通过squid的缓存效果更好
#location ~ ^/(img|js|css)/{
# root /data3/Html;
# expires 24h;
#}
#对 "/" 启用负载均衡
location / {
proxy_pass http://mysvr; #以这种格式来使用后端的web服务器
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
#设定查看Nginx状态的地址 ，在安装时要加上--with-http_stub_status_module参数
location /NginxStatus {
stub_status on;
access_log on;
auth_basic "NginxStatus";
auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd; #设置访问密码，htpasswd -bc filename username password
}
}
}
四、启动nginx及查看效果
useradd nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx //启动
http://ip:port 多次访问可以查看效果（ie缓存会影响效果，必须清空缓存）
或者在linux 系统下使用elinks http://ip:port or curl http://ip:port
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原文：http://liang00.blog.51cto.com/2257546/1357963