尊重原创:http://blog.csdn.net/yuanzeyao/article/details/38174537
代码下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yuanzeyao2008/7684041
在编程过程中,当我们想通知其他组件某些事情发生时,我们通常使用观察者模式,正式因为观察者模式非常常见,所以在jdk1.5中已经帮助我们实现了观察者模式,我们只需要简单的继承一些类就可以快速使用观察者模式,在Android中也有一个类似功能的开源库EventBus,可以很方便的帮助我们实现观察者模式,那么我们就开始学习如何使用EventBus.
在接下来的内容中,我首先会介绍如何使用EventBus,然后再简单的学习一下EventBus的底层实现原理,因为仅仅学习如何使用总是感觉内心不够踏实,万一哪天出了Bug也无从下手,了解了它的基本实现后,就会用得游刃有余。好了 废话不多说,下面开始学习吧
1、下载EventBus库:
EvnetBus的下载地址:https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus.git
2、将EventBus.jar放入自己工程的libs目录即可
3、定义一个事件,这个事件一旦被EventBus分发出去就是代表某一件事情发生了,这个事件就是某个观察者关心的事情(不需要继承任何类)
4、定义观察者,然后将该观察者注册到EventBus
5、由EventBus分发事件,告知观察者某一件事情发生了
6、使用完成后从EventBus中反注册观察者。
熟悉观察者模式的朋友肯定对于上面的流程非常熟悉,其实和观察模式基本是一样的。但是也是有区别的。在观察者模式中,所有的观察者都需要实现一个接口,这个接口有一个统一的方法如:
public void onUpdate();
然后当某一个事件发生时,某个对象会调用观察者的onUpdate方法通知观察者某件事情发生了,但是在EventBus中不需要这样,EventBus中是这样实现的:
在EventBus中的观察者通常有四种订阅函数(就是某件事情发生被调用的方法)
1、onEvent
2、onEventMainThread
3、onEventBackground
4、onEventAsync
这四种订阅函数都是使用onEvent开头的,它们的功能稍有不同,在介绍不同之前先介绍两个概念:
告知观察者事件发生时通过EventBus.post函数实现,这个过程叫做事件的发布,观察者被告知事件发生叫做事件的接收,是通过下面的订阅函数实现的。
onEvent:如果使用onEvent作为订阅函数,那么该事件在哪个线程发布出来的,onEvent就会在这个线程中运行,也就是说发布事件和接收事件线程在同一个线程。使用这个方法时,在onEvent方法中不能执行耗时操作,如果执行耗时操作容易导致事件分发延迟。
onEventMainThread:如果使用onEventMainThread作为订阅函数,那么不论事件是在哪个线程中发布出来的,onEventMainThread都会在UI线程中执行,接收事件就会在UI线程中运行,这个在Android中是非常有用的,因为在Android中只能在UI线程中跟新UI,所以在onEvnetMainThread方法中是不能执行耗时操作的。
onEvnetBackground:如果使用onEventBackgrond作为订阅函数,那么如果事件是在UI线程中发布出来的,那么onEventBackground就会在子线程中运行,如果事件本来就是子线程中发布出来的,那么onEventBackground函数直接在该子线程中执行。
onEventAsync:使用这个函数作为订阅函数,那么无论事件在哪个线程发布,都会创建新的子线程在执行onEventAsync.
下面就通过一个实例来看看这几个订阅函数的使用吧
1、定义事件:
public class AsyncEvent { private static final String TAG = "AsyncEvent"; public String msg; public AsyncEvent(String msg) { this.msg=msg; } }
public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //注册EventBus EventBus.getDefault().register(this); } // click--------------------------------------start---------------------- public void methodPost(View view) { Log.d("yzy", "PostThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); EventBus.getDefault().post(new PostEvent("PostEvent")); } public void methodMain(View view) { Log.d("yzy", "PostThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); EventBus.getDefault().post(new MainEvent("MainEvent")); } public void methodBack(View view) { Log.d("yzy", "PostThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); EventBus.getDefault().post(new BackEvent("BackEvent")); } public void methodAsync(View view) { Log.d("yzy", "PostThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); EventBus.getDefault().post(new AsyncEvent("AsyncEvent")); } public void methodSubPost(View view) { new Thread() { public void run() { Log.d("yzy", "PostThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); EventBus.getDefault().post(new PostEvent("PostEvent")); }; }.start(); } public void methodSubMain(View view) { new Thread() { public void run() { Log.d("yzy", "PostThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); EventBus.getDefault().post(new MainEvent("MainEvent")); }; }.start(); } public void methodSubBack(View view) { new Thread() { public void run() { Log.d("yzy", "PostThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); EventBus.getDefault().post(new BackEvent("BackEvent")); }; }.start(); } public void methodSubAsync(View view) { new Thread() { public void run() { Log.d("yzy", "PostThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); EventBus.getDefault().post(new AsyncEvent("AsyncEvent")); }; }.start(); } //click--------------------end------------------------------ //Event-------------------------start------------------------------- /** * 使用onEvent来接收事件,那么接收事件和分发事件在一个线程中执行 * @param event */ public void onEvent(PostEvent event) { Log.d("yzy", "OnEvent-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); } /** * 使用onEventMainThread来接收事件,那么不论分发事件在哪个线程运行,接收事件永远在UI线程执行, * 这对于android应用是非常有意义的 * @param event */ public void onEventMainThread(MainEvent event) { Log.d("yzy", "onEventMainThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); } /** * 使用onEventBackgroundThread来接收事件,如果分发事件在子线程运行,那么接收事件直接在同样线程 * 运行,如果分发事件在UI线程,那么会启动一个子线程运行接收事件 * @param event */ public void onEventBackgroundThread(BackEvent event) { Log.d("yzy", "onEventBackgroundThread-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); } /** * 使用onEventAsync接收事件,无论分发事件在(UI或者子线程)哪个线程执行,接收都会在另外一个子线程执行 * @param event */ public void onEventAsync(AsyncEvent event) { Log.d("yzy", "onEventAsync-->"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); } //Event------------------------------end------------------------------------- @Override protected void onDestroy() { //取消注册EventBus EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this); super.onDestroy(); } }
public void register(Object subscriber) { register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, 0); }
private synchronized void register(Object subscriber, String methodName, boolean sticky, int priority) { List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(), methodName); for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) { subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority); } }
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass, String eventMethodName) { //通过订阅者类名+"."+"onEvent"创建一个key String key = subscriberClass.getName() + '.' + eventMethodName; List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods; synchronized (methodCache) { //判断是否有缓存,有缓存直接返回缓存 subscriberMethods = methodCache.get(key); } //第一次进来subscriberMethods肯定是Null if (subscriberMethods != null) { return subscriberMethods; } subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<SubscriberMethod>(); Class<?> clazz = subscriberClass; HashSet<String> eventTypesFound = new HashSet<String>(); StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder(); while (clazz != null) { String name = clazz.getName(); //过滤掉系统类 if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) { // Skip system classes, this just degrades performance break; } // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again) //通过反射,获取到订阅者的所有方法 Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods(); for (Method method : methods) { String methodName = method.getName(); //只找以onEvent开头的方法 if (methodName.startsWith(eventMethodName)) { int modifiers = method.getModifiers(); //判断订阅者是否是public的,并且是否有修饰符,看来订阅者只能是public的,并且不能被final,static等修饰 if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) { //获得订阅函数的参数 Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes(); //看了参数的个数只能是1个 if (parameterTypes.length == 1) { //获取onEvent后面的部分 String modifierString = methodName.substring(eventMethodName.length()); ThreadMode threadMode; if (modifierString.length() == 0) { //订阅函数为onEvnet //记录线程模型为PostThread,意义就是发布事件和接收事件在同一个线程执行,详细可以参考我对于四个订阅函数不同点分析 threadMode = ThreadMode.PostThread; } else if (modifierString.equals("MainThread")) { //对应onEventMainThread threadMode = ThreadMode.MainThread; } else if (modifierString.equals("BackgroundThread")) { //对应onEventBackgrondThread threadMode = ThreadMode.BackgroundThread; } else if (modifierString.equals("Async")) { //对应onEventAsync threadMode = ThreadMode.Async; } else { if (skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) { continue; } else { throw new EventBusException("Illegal onEvent method, check for typos: " + method); } } //获取参数类型,其实就是接收事件的类型 Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0]; methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0); methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName); methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName()); String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString(); if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) { // Only add if not already found in a sub class //封装一个订阅方法对象,这个对象包含Method对象,threadMode对象,eventType对象 subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType)); } } } else if (!skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) { Log.d(EventBus.TAG, "Skipping method (not public, static or abstract): " + clazz + "." + methodName); } } } //看了还会遍历父类的订阅函数 clazz = clazz.getSuperclass(); } //最后加入缓存,第二次使用直接从缓存拿 if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) { throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " has no public methods called " + eventMethodName); } else { synchronized (methodCache) { methodCache.put(key, subscriberMethods); } return subscriberMethods; } }
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) { subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority); }
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod, boolean sticky, int priority) { subscribed = true; //从订阅方法中拿到订阅事件的类型 Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType; //通过订阅事件类型,找到所有的订阅(Subscription),订阅中包含了订阅者,订阅方法 CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType); //创建一个新的订阅 Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority); //将新建的订阅加入到这个事件类型对应的所有订阅列表 if (subscriptions == null) { //如果该事件目前没有订阅列表,那么创建并加入该订阅 subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>(); subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions); } else { //如果有订阅列表,检查是否已经加入过 for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) { if (subscription.equals(newSubscription)) { throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event " + eventType); } } } //根据优先级插入订阅 int size = subscriptions.size(); for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) { if (i == size || newSubscription.priority > subscriptions.get(i).priority) { subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription); break; } } //将这个订阅事件加入到订阅者的订阅事件列表中 List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber); if (subscribedEvents == null) { subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<Class<?>>(); typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents); } subscribedEvents.add(eventType); //这个是对粘性事件的,暂时不讨论 if (sticky) { Object stickyEvent; synchronized (stickyEvents) { stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType); } if (stickyEvent != null) { postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper()); } } }
public void post(Object event) { //这个EventBus中只有一个,差不多是个单例吧,具体不用细究 PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get(); List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue; //将事件放入队列 eventQueue.add(event); if (postingState.isPosting) { return; } else { postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper(); postingState.isPosting = true; if (postingState.canceled) { throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset"); } try { while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) { //分发事件 postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState); } } finally { postingState.isPosting = false; postingState.isMainThread = false; } } }
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error { Class<? extends Object> eventClass = event.getClass(); //找到eventClass对应的事件,包含父类对应的事件和接口对应的事件 List<Class<?>> eventTypes = findEventTypes(eventClass); boolean subscriptionFound = false; int countTypes = eventTypes.size(); for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) { Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h); CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions; synchronized (this) { //找到订阅事件对应的订阅,这个是通过register加入的(还记得吗....) subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(clazz); } if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) { for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) { postingState.event = event; postingState.subscription = subscription; boolean aborted = false; try { //对每个订阅调用该方法 postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread); aborted = postingState.canceled; } finally { postingState.event = null; postingState.subscription = null; postingState.canceled = false; } if (aborted) { break; } } subscriptionFound = true; } } //如果没有订阅发现,那么会Post一个NoSubscriberEvent事件 if (!subscriptionFound) { Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass); if (eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class && eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) { post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event)); } } }
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) { //第一个参数就是传入的订阅,第二个参数就是对于的分发事件,第三个参数非常关键:是否在主线程 switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) { //这个threadMode是怎么传入的,仔细想想?是不是根据onEvent,onEventMainThread,onEventBackground,onEventAsync决定的? case PostThread: //直接在本线程中调用订阅函数 invokeSubscriber(subscription, event); break; case MainThread: if (isMainThread) { //如果直接在主线程,那么直接在本现场中调用订阅函数 invokeSubscriber(subscription, event); } else { //如果不在主线程,那么通过handler实现在主线程中执行,具体我就不跟踪了 mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event); } break; case BackgroundThread: if (isMainThread) { //如果主线程,创建一个runnable丢入线程池中 backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event); } else { //如果子线程,则直接调用 invokeSubscriber(subscription, event); } break; case Async: //不论什么线程,直接丢入线程池 asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event); break; default: throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode); } }
EventBus的使用和原理剖析,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/yuanzeyao/article/details/38174537