由于笔者水平有限，学习技术官方文档永远是首先被推荐的，推荐来自Django REST framework官网的快速教程
models:
后面的代码将基于这几个表来做操作
1 class BookDetailView(APIView): 2 """ 3 针对单条数据的序列化 4 """ 5 6 def get(self,request,id): 7 8 book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() 9 bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={‘request‘: request}) 10 return Response(bs.data) 11 12 def put(self,request,id): 13 book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() 14 bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data) 15 if bs.is_valid(): 16 bs.save() 17 return Response(bs.data) 18 else: 19 return Response(bs.errors) 20 21 def delete(self,request,id): 22 Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete() 23 24 return Response()
序列化的方法：
方法一: 硬传值
class PublishView(View): def get(self,request): # 方式一： publish_list = list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email")) # {‘name‘: ‘苹果出版社‘, ‘email‘: ‘123@qq.com‘}{‘name‘: ‘橘子出版社‘, ‘email‘: ‘456@qq.com‘} return HttpResponse(publish_list)
方法二: model_to_dict(obj)
1 class PublishView(View): 2 def get(self,request): 3 from django.forms.models import model_to_dict 4 publish_list = Publish.objects.all() 5 temp = [] 6 for obj in publish_list: 7 # temp.append({ 8 # "name":obj.name, 9 # "email":obj.email 10 # }) 11 temp.append(model_to_dict(obj)) 12 print(temp, type(temp)) 13 # [{‘name‘: ‘苹果出版社‘, ‘email‘: ‘123@qq.com‘}, {‘name‘: ‘橘子出版社‘, ‘email‘: ‘456@qq.com‘}] <class ‘list‘> 14 # [{‘id‘: 1, ‘name‘: ‘苹果出版社‘, ‘email‘: ‘123@qq.com‘}, {‘id‘: 2, ‘name‘: ‘橘子出版社‘, ‘email‘: ‘456@qq.com‘}] <class ‘list‘> 15 16 return HttpResponse(temp)
方法三: serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)
class PublishView(View): def get(self,request): from django.core import serializers publish_list = Publish.objects.all() ret = serializers.serialize("json",publish_list) """ [ { "model": "app01.publish", "pk": 1, "fields": { "name": "苹果出版社", "email": "123@qq.com" } }, { "model": "app01.publish", "pk": 2, "fields": { "name": "橘子出版社", "email": "456@qq.com" } } ] """ return HttpResponse(ret)
方法四：rest_framework serializers
1 from rest_framework import serializers 2 3 class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer): 4 name = serializers.CharField() 5 email = serializers.EmailField() 6 7 8 class PublishView(View): 9 def get(self,request): 10 # 方式四(推荐) 11 publish_list = Publish.objects.all() 12 ret = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True) # queryset 13 # print(ret.data) 14 # print(type(ret.data)) 15 # [OrderedDict([(‘name‘, ‘苹果出版社‘), (‘email‘, ‘123@qq.com‘)]), 16 # OrderedDict([(‘name‘, ‘橘子出版社‘), (‘email‘, ‘456@qq.com‘)])] 17 # <class ‘rest_framework.utils.serializer_helpers.ReturnList‘> 18 """ 19 >>>dict([("name","橘子出版社"),("email","456@qq.com")]) 20 {‘name‘: ‘橘子出版社‘, ‘email‘: ‘456@qq.com‘} 21 """ 22 23 return HttpResponse(ret.data)
终结者：ModelSerializer
我们的 PublishSerializers 类中重复了很多包含在Publish模型类（model）中的信息。如果能保证我们的代码整洁，那就更好了。
就像Django提供了Form类和ModelForm类一样，REST framework包括Serializer类和ModelSerializer类。
下面我们换一个稍微复杂的有外键的模型来进行演示：
1 class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): 2 class Meta: 3 model = Book 4 fields = "__all__" 5 6 #publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk") 7 publish=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField( 8 view_name="detailpublish", 9 lookup_field="publish_id", 10 lookup_url_kwarg="pk" 11 ) 12 13 14 class BookView(APIView): 15 def get(self,request): 16 book_list=Book.objects.all() 17 bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={‘request‘: request}) 18 return Response(bs.data) 19 def post(self,request): 20 # post请求的数据 21 bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data) 22 if bs.is_valid(): 23 print(bs.validated_data) 24 bs.save()# create方法 25 return Response(bs.data) 26 else: 27 return Response(bs.errors) 28 29 class BookDetailView(APIView): 30 """ 31 针对单条数据的序列化 32 """ 33 34 def get(self,request,id): 35 36 book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() 37 bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={‘request‘: request}) 38 return Response(bs.data) 39 40 def put(self,request,id): 41 book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() 42 bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data) 43 if bs.is_valid(): 44 bs.save() 45 return Response(bs.data) 46 else: 47 return Response(bs.errors) 48 49 def delete(self,request,id): 50 Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete() 51 52 return Response()
在CBV的基础上，视图类在继承了REST framework的 APIVIEW 后产生了新的调用方法
request的加强：
1 原生request支持的操作 2 print("POST",request.POST) 3 print("body",request.body) 4 # print(request) 5 print(type(request)) 6 from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest 7 新的request支持的操作 8 print("request.data",request.data) 9 print("request.data type",type(request.data))
a. 用户url传入的token认证
urls.py views.pyb. 请求头认证
urls.py views.pyc. 多个认证规则
urls.py views.pyd. 认证和权限
urls.py views.pye. 全局使用
上述操作中均是对单独视图进行特殊配置，如果想要对全局进行配置，则需要再配置文件中写入即可。
settings.py urls.py views.pya. 基于用户IP限制访问频率
urls.py views.pyb. 基于用户IP显示访问频率（利于Django缓存）
settings.py urls.py views.pyc. view中限制请求频率
settings.py urls.py views.pyd. 匿名时用IP限制+登录时用Token限制
settings.py urls.py views.pye. 全局使用
settings
根据请求头 content-type 选择对应的解析器就请求体内容进行处理。
a. 仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体
urls.py views.pyb. 仅处理请求头content-type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded 的请求体
urls.py views.pyc. 仅处理请求头content-type为multipart/form-data的请求体
urls.py views.py upload.htmld. 仅上传文件
urls.py views.py upload.htmle. 同时多个Parser
当同时使用多个parser时，rest framework会根据请求头content-type自动进行比对，并使用对应parser
urls.py views.pyf. 全局使用
settings.py urls.py views.py注意：个别特殊的值可以通过Django的request对象 request._request 来进行获取
a. 根据页码进行分页
urs.py views.pyb. 位置和个数进行分页
urls.py views.pyc. 游标分页
urls.py views.py
a. 自定义路由
urls.py views.pyb. 半自动路由
urls.py views.pyc. 全自动路由
urls.py views.pya. GenericViewSet
urls.py views.pyb. ModelViewSet（自定义URL）
urls.py views.pyc. ModelViewSet（rest framework路由）
urls.py views.py
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/huang-yc/p/9800552.html
