1、下载镜像

docker pull mysql/mysql-server

2、运行容器

docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name [Name] [ImageName]
//示例
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql01 mysql/mysql-server

3、查看安装日志

docker logs mysql01

4、进入容器

docker exec -it mysql01 bash

5、修改root密码

set password for 'root'@'localhost'='123'

6、创建新的用户名和密码

CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

## navicat 连接 mysql 出现Client does not support authentication protocol requested by server
解决方案：
alter user 'test'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123';

docker容器参数启动Mysql (用容器参数添加新用户和修改root账户密码，修改字符集)

docker run -d -p 3306:3306
 -e mysql_user='jesee'
 -e mysql_password='123'
 -e mysql_root_password='123'
 --name mysql01 mysql/mysql-server
 --character-set-server=utf8 
 --collation-server=utf8_general_ci

mysql安装配置

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/hulala/p/10393807.html