(1)句子结构
陈述句有5种句子结构,如下:
有几点需要说明:
谓语部分 = 时态/情态动词 + 谓语动词
系语部分 = 时态/情态动词 + 系动词
上述谓语、系语两部分可以合成一部分记忆:谓语/系语部分 = 时态/情态动词 + 动词
举例:
he (does + eat) eats
he (did + eat)ate
he can come
上边的例子讲到的都是谓语动词的句子,下边介绍一下be动词的5种时态:
一般现在时:am is are + n/a/adv/介短+done
一般过去时:was were + n/a/adv/介短+done
一般将来时:be going to be + n/a/adv/介短+done
现在进行时:be being + n/a/adv/介短+done
现在完成时:have/has been + n/a/adv/介短+done
关于一般将来时,be going to (时态)与 will(情态动词)都表示将来,但是有一下区别:
be going to:强调打算,翻译为“要,打算”
will:强调结果,翻译为“会”
当了解完上边的内容之后,你就可以造出“主 + 谓,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 系 + 表”三种句子结构的陈述句,现在讲解第四种句子结构:
主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾
其中直宾相当于“主 + 谓 + 宾”中的宾语(动作的直接受力者),举个例子:
he told a story ------> he told me a story.
关于“主+谓+间宾+直宾”这种句子结构,需要注意一下两点:
he told me a story === he told a story to me (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 介词短语,除了to,还可以用for,不能使用其他的介词)
下面讲解最后一种句子结构:“主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”
宾补顾名思义就是“补充说明宾语的情况”,举个例子:
he made me angry
he keeps the door closed
关于“主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”的句子结构,还有三点需要说明:
(2)常见词汇句型的扩充
1. want / need + n / to do / sb to do(想要,需要)
举例:
he wants you to come now
i need you to put the TV on for me.
2 need / have to(口语中都表示“得”,否定句中表示“不用”)
i need/have to get up early tomorrow.
you don‘t need/don‘t have to explain.
注:在否定句中,意识正常能控制的时候可以用“have to”,意识不能正常控制的时候不能使用“have to”,举例:
3 had better (not)do sth(最好(不)做某事)
举例:
you had better not tell him about this thing.
4 have sth to do (有...要...)
举例:
i have a lot of things to do.
i have a lot of time to play with you.
5 祈使句(动词原形开头)
祈使句用来表明说话者对对方(第二人称)的请求,命令,叮嘱,邀请,劝告,警告等。
带动词与不带动词的祈使句:
举例:
try!
never be late!
“let + 宾 + v/a/adv/介词短语 ”句型的祈使句
举例:
let him come in(come in 是动词)
let him out(out 是副词)
“let + 宾 + v/a/adv/介词短语 ”这种句型变否定有两种形式,即:动词前边加“don‘t”或者宾语后加“not”。举例如下:
下边讲解一下let us 与let‘s的区别:
现在稍微介绍一下单方与双方的含义:假如A,B是一波人,C,D是另一波人,那么let us 的单方指:A,B或者C,D某一波人;let‘s的双方指:A,B,C,D所有人。举例体会:
don‘t let us do homework. / let us not do homework.
let‘s not do homework.
不定代词做主语的祈使句
不定代词有:nobody,everybody,somebody/anybody 其中body可以换成one。
举例:
everybody don‘t move. / everybody freeze.
公共场合提示的祈使句(no + n/doing)
举例:
no photos./no taking photos
no walking across the glass. ==== keep off the glass.
有省略的祈使句
举例:
a cup of coffee,please.
原句:you give me a cup of coffee,please.其中省略了“you”,“give me”,只要是“give me”的都可以省略,再举几个例子:
more minutes!
another one!
祈使句的反义疑问句
先介绍一下什么是“反义疑问句”,它对应一种句型“......吧”,具体来说,既有陈述,又有问的。举例体会:
he didn‘t leave,did he?
下边举祈使句的反义疑问句的例子:
don‘t tell him,wil you?
tell me ,won‘t you?(也可以用“will you”)
6 there be + 名词 (其实可以看成“主系表”结构)
be 可以有时态+be/情态动词+be,举例如下:
there might be ten people in the room.
7 感官系动词
感官系动词有:look,sound,smell,taste,feel,用法为:look/sound/smell/taste/feel + adj /(like + n),其中feel是“摸起来”的意思。
举例:
the dish tasted delicious.
8 关于花费
\ | 人花物 | 物花人 |
时间 | spend(spent/spent) | take(took/taken) |
金钱 | spend(spent/spent) | cost (cost/cost) |
句型总结如下:
人花物:
spend time/money + (in) doing sth / on sth / with sb
举例:
i spend one hour (in) working out.
how much money did you spend on the book?
物花人:
举例:
how long did it take you to find him.
this dictionary costs me twenty yuan.
9 what...for (what 开头的特殊疑问句+一个“for”)表“干嘛”
跟why有点像,但是有区别。
举例:
what did you tell him for. / why did you tell him.
10 how come + 陈述句(表示怎么会出现某种情况)
举例:
how come you lost?
注:当不带动词,表示怎么会出现某种情况的时候,有两种用法,举例如下:
how come you are here?
how are you here?
11 how about / what about + n/doing/陈述句(一般现在时)
表示提出建议或者请求,举例如下:
how about going to for a walk?
how about a walk?
how about we go out for a walk?
12 what if + 一般现在时/虚拟语气,表示“如果...怎么办”
举例:
what if he leaves?
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/Terrypython/p/10431012.html