官方文档：http://www.python-requests.org/en/master/
import requests resp = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/") print(type(resp)) # <class ‘requests.models.Response‘> print(resp.status_code) # 200 # print(resp.text) print(type(resp.text)) # <class ‘str‘> # print(resp.text) print(resp.cookies)
各种请求方式：
import requests requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post") requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put") requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete") requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get") requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")
基本写法：
import requests resp = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get") print(resp.text)
带参数get请求：
# 方式1 resp = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=pd&age=18") print(resp.text) # 方式2 params = { "name": "pd", "age": 18 } resp = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=params) print(resp.text)
解析json：
resp = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get") print(resp.json()) # 相当于json.loads(resp.text) print(type(resp.text)) # <class ‘str‘> print(type(resp.json())) # <class ‘dict‘>
获取二进制数据：
resp = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico") print(type(resp.text)) # <class ‘str‘> print(type(resp.content)) # <class ‘bytes‘> print(resp.text) print(resp.content) # 获取非文本响应内容 with open("favicon.ico", "wb") as f: f.write(resp.content)
添加请求头：
headers = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36" } resp = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore", headers=headers) print(resp.text)
基本操作：
data = {"name": "pd", "age": 18}
resp = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data)
print(resp.text)
添加请求头：
headers = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36" } data = {"name": "pd", "age": 18} resp = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data, headers=headers) print(resp.text)
响应属性：
resp = requests.get("https://www.jianshu.com") print(type(resp.status_code), resp.status_code) # <class ‘int‘> 200 print(type(resp.headers), resp.headers) print(type(resp.cookies), resp.cookies) # <class ‘requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar‘> <RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie locale=zh-CN for www.jianshu.com/>]> print(type(resp.url), resp.url) # <class ‘str‘> https://www.jianshu.com/ print(type(resp.history), resp.history) # <class ‘list‘> []
状态码判断：
resp = requests.get("https://www.jianshu.com") exit() if not resp.status_code == requests.codes.forbidden else print("403 Forbidden")
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com") exit() if not response.status_code == 200 else print("Request Successfully")
100: (‘continue‘,), 101: (‘switching_protocols‘,), 102: (‘processing‘,), 103: (‘checkpoint‘,), 122: (‘uri_too_long‘, ‘request_uri_too_long‘), 200: (‘ok‘, ‘okay‘, ‘all_ok‘, ‘all_okay‘, ‘all_good‘, ‘\\o/‘, ‘?‘), 201: (‘created‘,), 202: (‘accepted‘,), 203: (‘non_authoritative_info‘, ‘non_authoritative_information‘), 204: (‘no_content‘,), 205: (‘reset_content‘, ‘reset‘), 206: (‘partial_content‘, ‘partial‘), 207: (‘multi_status‘, ‘multiple_status‘, ‘multi_stati‘, ‘multiple_stati‘), 208: (‘already_reported‘,), 226: (‘im_used‘,), # Redirection. 300: (‘multiple_choices‘,), 301: (‘moved_permanently‘, ‘moved‘, ‘\\o-‘), 302: (‘found‘,), 303: (‘see_other‘, ‘other‘), 304: (‘not_modified‘,), 305: (‘use_proxy‘,), 306: (‘switch_proxy‘,), 307: (‘temporary_redirect‘, ‘temporary_moved‘, ‘temporary‘), 308: (‘permanent_redirect‘, ‘resume_incomplete‘, ‘resume‘,), # Client Error. 400: (‘bad_request‘, ‘bad‘), 401: (‘unauthorized‘,), 402: (‘payment_required‘, ‘payment‘), 403: (‘forbidden‘,), 404: (‘not_found‘, ‘-o-‘), 405: (‘method_not_allowed‘, ‘not_allowed‘), 406: (‘not_acceptable‘,), 407: (‘proxy_authentication_required‘, ‘proxy_auth‘, ‘proxy_authentication‘), 408: (‘request_timeout‘, ‘timeout‘), 409: (‘conflict‘,), 410: (‘gone‘,), 411: (‘length_required‘,), 412: (‘precondition_failed‘, ‘precondition‘), 413: (‘request_entity_too_large‘,), 414: (‘request_uri_too_large‘,), 415: (‘unsupported_media_type‘, ‘unsupported_media‘, ‘media_type‘), 416: (‘requested_range_not_satisfiable‘, ‘requested_range‘, ‘range_not_satisfiable‘), 417: (‘expectation_failed‘,), 418: (‘im_a_teapot‘, ‘teapot‘, ‘i_am_a_teapot‘), 421: (‘misdirected_request‘,), 422: (‘unprocessable_entity‘, ‘unprocessable‘), 423: (‘locked‘,), 424: (‘failed_dependency‘, ‘dependency‘), 425: (‘unordered_collection‘, ‘unordered‘), 426: (‘upgrade_required‘, ‘upgrade‘), 428: (‘precondition_required‘, ‘precondition‘), 429: (‘too_many_requests‘, ‘too_many‘), 431: (‘header_fields_too_large‘, ‘fields_too_large‘), 444: (‘no_response‘, ‘none‘), 449: (‘retry_with‘, ‘retry‘), 450: (‘blocked_by_windows_parental_controls‘, ‘parental_controls‘), 451: (‘unavailable_for_legal_reasons‘, ‘legal_reasons‘), 499: (‘client_closed_request‘,), # Server Error. 500: (‘internal_server_error‘, ‘server_error‘, ‘/o\\‘, ‘?‘), 501: (‘not_implemented‘,), 502: (‘bad_gateway‘,), 503: (‘service_unavailable‘, ‘unavailable‘), 504: (‘gateway_timeout‘,), 505: (‘http_version_not_supported‘, ‘http_version‘), 506: (‘variant_also_negotiates‘,), 507: (‘insufficient_storage‘,), 509: (‘bandwidth_limit_exceeded‘, ‘bandwidth‘), 510: (‘not_extended‘,), 511: (‘network_authentication_required‘, ‘network_auth‘, ‘network_authentication‘),
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原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/believepd/p/10657681.html
