Protocols and Extensions
Protocols? 协议的使用
使用keyword protocol 定义一个协议
protocol ExampleProtocol {
var simpleDescription: String { get }
mutating func adjust()
}
class SimpleClass: ExampleProtocol {
var simpleDescription: String = "A very simple class."
var anotherProperty: Int = 69105
func adjust() {
simpleDescription += " Now 100% adjusted."
}
}
var a = SimpleClass()
a.adjust()
let aDescription = a.simpleDescription
struct SimpleStructure: ExampleProtocol {
var simpleDescription: String = "A simple structure"
mutating func adjust() {
simpleDescription += " (adjusted)"
}
}
var b = SimpleStructure()
b.adjust()
let bDescription = b.simpleDescription
协议基本的使用场合:
1. 须要由别的类实现的方法
2. 声明位置类的接口
3. 两个类之间通信
Extensions? 扩展的使用
能够使用 extension keyword为一个类型拓展协议,添加方法和属性
extension Int: ExampleProtocol {
var simpleDescription: String {
return "The number \(self)"
}
mutating func adjust() {
self += 42
}
}
7.simpleDescription
let protocolValue: ExampleProtocol = a
protocolValue.simpleDescription
// protocolValue.anotherProperty // Uncomment to see the error
Generics?? 泛型的使用
使用?? < >? 声明泛型函数或者泛型类型
func repeat<ItemType>(item: ItemType, times: Int) -> ItemType[] {
var result = ItemType[]()
for i in 0..times {
result += item
}
return result
}
repeat("knock", 4)
// Reimplement the Swift standard library‘s optional type
enum OptionalValue<T> {
case None
case Some(T)
}
var possibleInteger: OptionalValue<Int> = .None
possibleInteger = .Some(100)
func anyCommonElements <T, U where T: Sequence, U: Sequence, T.GeneratorType.Element: Equatable, T.GeneratorType.Element == U.GeneratorType.Element> (lhs: T, rhs: U) -> Bool {
for lhsItem in lhs {
for rhsItem in rhs {
if lhsItem == rhsItem {
return true
}
}
}
return false
}
anyCommonElements([1, 2, 3], [3])
入门就讲到这,下一节我们说说 Language Guide
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/xfgnongmin/p/10658415.html