The universal way to check if a file is available to TeX compilers is the
command-line tool kpsewhich.
$ kpsewhich tikz
/usr/share/texmf/tex/plain/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz.tex
kpsewhich will actually search for files only, not for packages.
It returns the path to the file. For more details on a specific
package use the command-line tool tlmgr(tex live only).
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