cobbler是一个可以实现批量安装系统的Linux应用程序。它有别于pxe+kickstart，cobbler可以实现同个服务器批量安装不同操作系统版本
可以用任何模式来使用，不过要注意在局域网使用桥接容易出现DHCP分配IP换乱的问题，这里我们使用仅主机模式
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:0d:4d:fc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.5.3/24 brd 192.168.5.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0d:4dfc/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:0d:4d:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 169.254.12.2/16 brd 169.254.255.255 scope link ens37 #这是仅主机模式下的网卡 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0d:4d06/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
我使用了两块网卡，不过我这里只使用仅主机模式的网卡 ——169.254.12.2
不关闭防火墙无法连接
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld #关闭防火墙 [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 #关闭selinux
[root@songqi ~]# yum install cobbler dhcp tftp-server xinetd syslinux httpd -y
cobbler：核心程序不用多解释
dhcp：负责分配客户端IP，因为客户端没有IP，所以需要dhcp服务
tftp（Trivial File Transfer Protocol,简单文件传输协议）：是TCP/IP协议族中的一个用来在客户机与服务器之间进行简单文件传输的协议，提供不复杂、开销不大的文件传输服务。端口号为69。
xinetd：xinetd已经取代了inetd，并且提供了访问控制、加强的日志和资源管理功能，已经成了Red Hat 7 和 Mandrake 7.2的Internet标准超级守护进程
syslinux：syslinux是一个功能强大的引导加载程序，而且兼容各种介质。它的目的是简化首次安装Linux的时间，并建立修护或其它特殊用途的启动盘。它提供pxelinux这个文件，pxelinux.0引导文件引导vmlinux和initrd两个启动文件
httpd：可以使别的主机可以从服务端获取镜像包
yum 安装需要下面两个源
[epel] name=epel enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/ [centos] name=centos base enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf subnet 169.254.12.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 { range 169.254.1.20 169.254.2.30; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; filename "pxelinux.0"; #加入pxelinux引导程序 }
安装tftp服务器需要安装xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp # default: off # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, # and to start the installation process for some operating systems. service tftp { disable = no #把yes改为no 表示开机自启 socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -B 1380 -v -s /var/lib/tftpboot per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4 }
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@ken ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or
kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server
as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something
other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘
to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have
installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.
Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32,
elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
4 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted
in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘
random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new one
7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install
cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes
可以看到有7个错误，需要一一排错
cobbler文件默认是127.0.0.1本地回环地址，需要更改为提供cobbler服务的ip地址169.254.12.2,在384行
384 server: 169.254.12.2
netx_server也是默认本地127.0.0.1回环地址，需要修改为提供cobbler服务的ip地址 同样是169.254.12.2，在272行出
272 next_server: 169.254.12.2
若想解决，直接运行 cobbler get-loaders即可
启动rsync并让其开机自启
[root@songqi ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd
[root@songqi ~]# systemctl enable rsync
[root@songqi ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "123" "123456" $1$123$7mft0jKnzzvAdU4t0unTG1
把新生成的密码填写进 /etc/cobbler/setting，也就是 $ 后面的加密数据
101 default_password_crypted: "$1$123$7mft0jKnzzvAdU4t0unTG1"
[root@songqi ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@songqi ~]# cobbler sync
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service. [root@songqi ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or,
if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux
package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures,
should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these
requirements. 2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents
to use them Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.
更改完毕
补充：如果出现 selinux enable 错误提示，关闭防火墙仍无效果时可重启系统便可解决
[root@songqi ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
[root@songqi ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name="centos7.5" task started: 2019-03-13_001927_import task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Mar 13 00:19:27 2019) Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6 Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7 Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7 Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5: creating new distro: centos7.5-x86_64 trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos7.5-x86_64 creating new profile: centos7.5-x86_64 associating repos checking for rsync repo(s) checking for rhn repo(s) checking for yum repo(s) starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5 for centos7.5-x86_64 processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5 need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5 looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/repodata *** TASK COMPLETE ***
distro : 发行版, 就是我们安装什么版本的linux操作系统的名称 一会我们会导入一个 distro.
profile : 类似于一个 配置文件，类似于你的 bash_profile， 里面包含你可以添加 kernel 参数，对应的kickstart 文件 以及 此profile 对应的 distro 等等.
查看distro
[root@songqi ~]# cobbler distro list centos7.5-x86_64
查看profile
[root@songqi ~]# cobbler profile list centos7.5-x86_64
在root目录下找到ks文件，并移动到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/到目录下改名为ks.cfg
[root@songqi ~]# mv anaconda-ks.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg [root@songqi ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg [root@songqi ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg #version=DEVEL # System authorization information auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use CDROM installation media url --url=http://192.168.182.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/ #这里需要更改为repodata所在的http地址 # Use graphical install graphical # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --enable ignoredisk --only-use=sda # Keyboard layouts keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts=‘us‘ # System language lang en_US.UTF-8 # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --ipv6=auto --no-activate network --hostname=localhost.localdomain # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $6$7zu1wIUDgBGEFV1Y$KsLVeaGmyN92.QHr1fqKdTqPu8PDmd8K9V/s3Ru8NxE53NZz4gQKsmP6K0udcXVvDtponekICYUwBD7tYZJqU/ # System services services --disabled="chronyd" # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda autopart --type=lvm # Partition clearing information clearpart --none --initlabel %packages @^minimal @core %end %addon com_redhat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb=‘auto‘ %end %anaconda pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty %end
[root@songqi ~]# cobbler profile add --distro=centos7.5-x86_64 --name=centos7.5_songqi --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg [root@songqi ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2019-03-13_002724_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Mar 13 00:27:24 2019) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7.5-x86_64 removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7.5-x86_64 removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list copying bootloaders copying distros to tftpboot copying files for distro: centos7.5-x86_64 trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7.5-x86_64/vmlinuz trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos7.5-x86_64/initrd.img copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure copying files for distro: centos7.5-x86_64 trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7.5-x86_64/vmlinuz trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7.5-x86_64/initrd.img Writing template files for centos7.5-x86_64 rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp processing boot_files for distro: centos7.5-x86_64 cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@ken ~]# cobbler profile list centos7.5-x86_64 centos7.5_ken
[root@ken ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos7.5-x86_64 [root@ken ~]# cobbler profile list centos7.5_ken
新建一个虚拟机，需要和cobbler服务器所在同一个虚拟网络中即与我们上面设置的cobbler服务器的主机模式。内存需要3个G以上。
选择第我们自定义的包即可进行自动化安装。
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/tomsongqi/p/10753106.html