问题举例
在某些项目中,我们实现一些类,并希望能像静态类型语言那样对它们的
实例属性做类型检查:
p = Persosn()
p.name = ‘tom‘ #必须是str
p.age = 18 #必须是int
要求:
(1)可对实例属性指定类型
(2)赋予不正确类型时抛出异常
class A(): pass a = A() #a.x = ‘hello‘ #a.__dict__[‘x‘] = ‘hello‘
a.x = ‘hello‘等价于a.__dict__[‘x‘] = ‘hello‘, 需要类提供一个接口对属性所赋的值做类型检查,手动添加属性的值
使用描述符来实现需要类型检查的属性:分别实现__get__, __set__, __delete__方法,在__set__中使用isinstance函数做类型检查
代码
class Attr: def __init__(self, key, type_): self.key = key self.type_ = type_ def __set__(self, instance, value): print(‘in __set__‘) if not isinstance(value, self.type_): raise TypeError(‘must be %s‘ % self.type_) instance.__dict__[self.key] = value def __get__(self, instance, cls): print(‘in __get__‘, instance, cls) return instance.__dict__[self.key] def __delete__(self, instance): print(‘in __del__‘, instance) del instance.__dict__[self.key] class Person: name = Attr(‘name‘, str) age = Attr(‘age‘, int) p = Person() p.name = ‘tom‘ #p.age = 20 p.age = ‘20‘
参考资料:python3实用编程技巧进阶
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/marton/p/10816512.html