a=10
echo ‘$a‘  结果$a
echo "$a"  结果10

ymal规范(必须严格遵守):
    字典: 
     key: value(冒号后边必须有空格)
    列表:
     - (以短横杠开头)
     
    如:
    - attila: shuai
      olsen: mei
      movie:
      - name: 复联
        salary: 10000
    结果:
    [ { attila: ‘shuai‘,
        olsen: ‘mei‘,
        movie: [ { name: ‘复联‘, salary: 10000 } ] } ]

Usage: ansible-playbook [options] playbook.yml [playbook2 ...]
-C, --check #白跑，执行但是不会有结果
--list-hosts #列出符合的主机
-f FORKS, --forks=FORKS #做并发
--syntax-check #检查语法
-k, --ask-pass #输入密码

!!!必须遵守ymal规范
- hosts: web   # 指定运行命令的主机
  remote_user: root  #可以不写,默认是root
  tasks:  # 任务列表
  - name: createuser   # 任务1,必须是name
    user: name=olsen1 home=/opt/olsen1 uid=666   # 指定模块
  - name: copyfile  # 任务2   
    copy: src=/opt/xxx.txt dest=/opt/xxx1.txt
# 执行任务的顺序是,当web组里的所有服务器执行完第一个任务之后在执行第二个

ansible-playbook --syntax-check playbook1.yml  # 检查语法
ansible-playbook  playbook1.yml  # 真正的执行

# 多个playbook,就是在一个.yml文件中有复制了多个像单个playbook那样的,了解即可

# playbook3.yml文件

- hosts: web
  tasks:
- name: create{{user}}
  user: name={{user}}
  
ansible-playbook -e user=curry1 playbook3.yml

# 修改host文件 vim /etc/ansible/hosts

[web]
192.168.111.129 user=curry2
192.168.111.130 user=kobe2

ansible-playbook playbook3.yml   # 129有了curry2,130有了kobe2

# 修改host文件 vim /etc/ansible/hosts

[web]
192.168.111.129
192.168.111.130
[web:vars]
user=curry3

ansible-playbook playbook3.yml   # 129和130都有了curry3

# playbook4.yml文件

- hosts: web
  vars:
  - user: curry4
  tasks:
  - name: create{{user}}
    user: name={{user}}

ansible-playbook playbook4.yml  # 129和130都有了curry4

查看收集信息的命令:
ansible 192.168.111.129 -m setup|more

ansible_all_ipv4_addresses #所有的ipv4地址
ansible_all_ipv6_addresses #所有的ipv6地址
ansible_architecture #系统的架构
ansible_date_time #系统时间
ansible_default_ipv4 #默认的ipv4地址
    address ip地址
    alias 网卡名称
    broadcast 广播地址
    gateway 网关
    netmask 子网掩码
    network 网段
ansible_default_ipv6 #默认的ipv6地址
ansible_device_links #系统的磁盘信息
ansible_distribution #系统名称
ansible_distribution_file_variety #系统的基于公司
ansible_distribution_major_version #系统的主版本
ansible_distribution_version #系统的全部版本
ansible_dns #系统的dns 默认udp 端口53
ansible_domain #系统的域 ldap
ipv4 #ipv4地址
ansible_env #系统的环境
ansible_fqdn #系统的完整主机名
ansible_hostname #系统的简写主机名
ansible_kernel #系统的内核版本
ansible_machine #系统的架构
ansible_memtotal_mb #系统的内存
ansible_memory_mb #系统的内存使用情况
ansible_mounts #系统的挂载信息
ansible_os_family #系统家族
ansible_pkg_mgr #系统的包管理工具
ansible_processor #系统的cpu
ansible_processor_cores #每颗cpu的核数
ansible_processor_count #cpu的颗数
ansible_processor_vcpus #cpu的个数=cpu的颗数*每颗cpu的核数
ansible_python #系统python信息
ansible_python_version #系统python的版本
ansible_system #系统名字

# playbook6.yml文件

- hosts: web
  tasks:
  - name: install
    yum: name=redis
  - name: copyfile
    copy: dest=/etc/redis.conf src=/etc/redis.conf
    tags: copyfile
  - name: start
    service: name=redis state=started
ansible-playbook  playbook6.yml   # 全都执行一遍
ansible-playbook -t copyfile playbook6.yml  
# 只执行copy那个命令(把bind的ip修改之后执行这步就可以)

# playbook7.yml文件

- hosts: web
  tasks:
  - name: install
    yum: name=redis
  - name: copyfile
    copy: dest=/etc/redis.conf src=/etc/redis.conf   
    tags: copyfile
    notify: restart  # value必须是要触发的模块的value
  - name: start
    service: name=redis state=started
  handlers:
  - name: restart
    service: name=redis state=restarted
ansible-playbook -t copyfile playbook7.yml  # 不仅执行copy还重启

vim  /etc/redis/conf
bind {{ansible_default_ipv4.address}]   # 上边setup中的参数

- hosts: web
  tasks:
- name: install
  yum: name=redis
- name: copyfile
  template: dest=/etc/redis.conf src=/etc/redis.conf
  tags: copyfile
  notify: restart
- name: start
  service: name=redis state=started
handlers:
- name: restart
  service: name=redis state=restarted

ansible-playbook -t copyfile playbook8.yml

mkdir templates
cp /etc/redis/conf templates/
mv redis.conf{,.j2} = mv redis.conf redis.conf.j2   # 改名为.j2格式

- hosts: web
  tasks:
  - name: install
    yum: name=redis
  - name: copyfile
    # 创建名为templates文件夹(和playbook9.yml在同一文件夹下)直接写文件名就能找到
    template: dest=/etc/redis.conf src=redis.conf.j2  
    tags: copy
    notify: restart
  - name: start
    service: name=redis state=started
  handlers:
  - name: restart
    service: name=redis state=restarted
    
ansible-playbook -t copyfile playbook9.yml

# playbook10.yml文件

- hosts: web
  tasks:
  - name: copyfile
    copy: content="十步杀一人" dest=/tmp/a.txt
    when: ansible_distribution_major_version=="7"   # setup的参数
  - name: copyfile
    copy: content="千里不流行" dest=/tmp/a.txt
    when: ansible_distribution_major_version=="6"

ansible-playbook -t copyfile playbook10.yml

# playbook11.yml文件

- hosts: web
  tasks:
  - name: createuser
    user: name={{item}}  # 必须是item
    with_items:
    - attila50
    - curry50
    - kobe50

ansible-playbook -t copyfile playbook11.yml  # 创建了上述三个用户

# playbook12.yml文件

- hosts: web
  tasks:
  - name: createuser
    user: name={{item}}
    with_items:
    - attila60
    - curry60
    - kobe60
  - name: creategroup
    group: name={{item}}   # cat /etc/group 能查看组信息
    with_items:
    - attila60
    - curry60
    - kobe60
    
ansible-playbook -t copyfile playbook12.yml  # 创建了上述三个用户和三个组

# playbook12.yml文件

- hosts: web
  tasks:
  - name: crateuser
    user: name={{item.name}}  group={{item.group}}
    with_items:
    - {"name":attila80,"group":attila80}
    - {"name":curry80,"group":curry80}
    - {"name":kobe80,"group":kobe80}
     
ansible-playbook -t copyfile playbook12.yml