HierarchicalDataTemplate顾名思义,分层数据模板,就是用来定义分层数据样式的模板,一般多用于MenuItem和TreeViewItem
包含几个重要属性
DataType指定模板用于哪种数据类型
ItemsSource指定该类数据的子集,即下一层显示那些数据
内容 指定数据如何显示 绑定哪个属性
MSDN上的一个例子:

1.定义数据集
public class League
{
public League(string name)
{
_name = name;
_divisions = new List<Division>();
}
string _name;
public string Name { get { return _name; } }
List<Division> _divisions;
public List<Division> Divisions { get { return _divisions; } }
}
public class Division
{
public Division(string name)
{
_name = name;
_teams = new List<Team>();
}
string _name;
public string Name { get { return _name; } }
List<Team> _teams;
public List<Team> Teams { get { return _teams; } }
}
public class Team
{
public Team(string name)
{
_name = name;
}
string _name;
public string Name { get { return _name; } }
}
public class ListLeagueList : List<League>
{
public ListLeagueList()
{
League l;
Division d;
Add(l = new League("League A"));
l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division A")));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team I"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team II"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team III"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team IV"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team V"));
l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division B")));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Blue"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Red"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Yellow"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Green"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Orange"));
l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division C")));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team East"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team West"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team North"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team South"));
Add(l = new League("League B"));
l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division A")));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 1"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 2"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 3"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 4"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 5"));
l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division B")));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Diamond"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Heart"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Club"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Spade"));
l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division C")));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Alpha"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Beta"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Gamma"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Delta"));
d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Epsilon"));
}
public League this[string name]
{
get
{
foreach (League l in this)
if (l.Name == name)
return l;
return null;
}
}
}
public class League { public League(string name) { _name = name; _divisions = new List<Division>(); } string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } } List<Division> _divisions; public List<Division> Divisions { get { return _divisions; } } } public class Division { public Division(string name) { _name = name; _teams = new List<Team>(); } string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } } List<Team> _teams; public List<Team> Teams { get { return _teams; } } } public class Team { public Team(string name) { _name = name; } string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } } } public class ListLeagueList : List<League> { public ListLeagueList() { League l; Division d; Add(l = new League("League A")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division A"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team I")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team II")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team III")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team IV")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team V")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division B"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Blue")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Red")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Yellow")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Green")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Orange")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division C"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team East")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team West")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team North")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team South")); Add(l = new League("League B")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division A"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 1")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 2")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 3")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 4")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 5")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division B"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Diamond")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Heart")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Club")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Spade")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division C"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Alpha")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Beta")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Gamma")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Delta")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Epsilon")); } public League this[string name] { get { foreach (League l in this) if (l.Name == name) return l; return null; } } }

2.窗体
<!--<SnippetHDT>-->
<Window x:Class="SDKSample.Window1"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="HierarchicalDataTemplate Sample"
xmlns:src="clr-namespace:SDKSample">
<DockPanel>
<DockPanel.Resources>
<src:ListLeagueList x:Key="MyList"/>
<HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType = "{x:Type src:League}"
ItemsSource = "{Binding Path=Divisions}">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>
<HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType = "{x:Type src:Division}"
ItemsSource = "{Binding Path=Teams}">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>
<DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type src:Team}">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/>
</DataTemplate>
</DockPanel.Resources>
<Menu Name="menu1" DockPanel.Dock="Top" Margin="10,10,10,10">
<MenuItem Header="My Soccer Leagues"
ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource MyList}}" />
</Menu>
<TreeView>
<TreeViewItem ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource MyList}}" Header="My Soccer Leagues" />
</TreeView>
</DockPanel>
</Window>
这个例子的数据源是一个分层的List对象,下面一个例子的数据源是一个XML文件,大体相同,不同的地方是需要先实例化一个XmlDataProvider用来获取XML的内容,绑定的时候用的不是Path,而是XPath属性,给控件绑定属性的时候属性名加@(加@的是属性Attribute 不加的是子级元素)

1.XML文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<Data xmlns="">
<Grade Name="初一">
<Class Name="1班">
<Group Name="1-1-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="1-1-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="1-1-3组"></Group>
</Class>
<Class Name="2班">
<Group Name="1-2-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="1-2-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="1-2-3组"></Group>
</Class>
<Class Name="3班">
<Group Name="1-3-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="1-3-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="1-3-3组"></Group>
</Class>
</Grade>
<Grade Name="初二">
<Class Name="21班">
<Group Name="2-1-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="2-1-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="2-1-3组"></Group>
</Class>
<Class Name="22班">
<Group Name="2-2-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="2-2-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="2-2-3组"></Group>
</Class>
<Class Name="23班">
<Group Name="2-3-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="2-3-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="2-3-3组"></Group>
</Class>
</Grade>
<Grade Name="初三">
<Class Name="31班">
<Group Name="3-1-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="3-1-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="3-1-3组"></Group>
</Class>
<Class Name="32班">
<Group Name="3-2-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="3-2-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="3-2-3组"></Group>
</Class>
<Class Name="33班">
<Group Name="3-3-1组"></Group>
<Group Name="3-3-2组"></Group>
<Group Name="3-3-3组"></Group>
</Class>
</Grade>
</Data>

2.分层模板
<XmlDataProvider x:Key="Data2" Source="Data.xml" XPath="Data/Grade"/>
<HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Grade" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath= Class}">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding XPath=@Name}"/>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>
<HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Class" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Group}">
<RadioButton Content="{Binding XPath=@Name}" GroupName="gr"/>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>
<HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Group" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Student}">
<CheckBox Content="{Binding XPath=@Name}"/>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>

<TreeView Margin="5" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource Data2}}"></TreeView>
也试过递归方式给TreeView添加节点

void LoadXmlToTree(XElement root,TreeViewItem item)
{
if (root != null)
{
foreach (XElement xe in root.Elements())
{
TreeViewItem item2 = new TreeViewItem();
item2.Header = xe.Attribute("Name").Value.ToString();
item.Items.Add(item2);
LoadXmlToTree(xe,item2);
}
}
}
明显不如模板使用起来方便,但是现在的理解还处于初级阶段,只是简单的套使用方法,知其然,不知其所以然,还有待更进一步的理解,毕竟真正理解透了,原理清楚了,才能更灵活的应用。