DataTemplate顾名思义,就是数据模板,用来指定数据的表现形式。这对于ItemsControl类的控件尤其有用,可以改变列表项的外观,更具有表现能力。
例如
<Grid>
<Grid.Resources>
<src:Customers x:Key="customers"/>
</Grid.Resources>
<ListBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource customers}" Width="350" Margin="0,5,0,10">
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<TextBlock Padding="5,0,5,0"
Text="{Binding FirstName}" />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding LastName}" />
<TextBlock Text=", " />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Address}" />
</StackPanel>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
</ListBox>
</Grid>
<Grid> <Grid.Resources> <src:Customers x:Key="customers"/> </Grid.Resources> <ListBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource customers}" Width="350" Margin="0,5,0,10"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <TextBlock Padding="5,0,5,0" Text="{Binding FirstName}" /> <TextBlock Text="{Binding LastName}" /> <TextBlock Text=", " /> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Address}" /> </StackPanel> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> </Grid>
上例中通过指定ListBox.ItemTemplate属性来定义子项的显示格式,如果不是列表项,可以通过控件的ContentTemplate属性来指定应用哪个数据模板。
使用起来比较简单,大概分为三步:
1.如果有些属性不是可以直接使用,需要转换的,写转换器,实现IValueConverter接口
2.定义好转换器之后,需要实例化,指定给需要的绑定
3.定义模板,也就是需要的显示格式
4.应用模板,把定义好的模板指定到目标控件的ContentTemplate或者ItemTemplate
看一个完整的例子
1.用来封装的实体类和转换器
class Car
{
public string Automaker { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Year { get; set; }
public string TopSpeed { get; set; }
}
//厂商名称转化为Logo图片
public class AutomakerToLogoPathConverter:IValueConverter
{
public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
string uriStr = string.Format(@"images/{0}.jpg",value.ToString());
return new BitmapImage(new Uri(uriStr, UriKind.Relative));
}
public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
//汽车名称转化为图像
public class NameToPhotoPathConverter : IValueConverter
{
public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
string uriStr = string.Format(@"images/{0}.jpg", value.ToString());
return new BitmapImage(new Uri(uriStr, UriKind.Relative));
}
public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
class Car { public string Automaker { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Year { get; set; } public string TopSpeed { get; set; } } //厂商名称转化为Logo图片 public class AutomakerToLogoPathConverter:IValueConverter { public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { string uriStr = string.Format(@"images/{0}.jpg",value.ToString()); return new BitmapImage(new Uri(uriStr, UriKind.Relative)); } public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } //汽车名称转化为图像 public class NameToPhotoPathConverter : IValueConverter { public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { string uriStr = string.Format(@"images/{0}.jpg", value.ToString()); return new BitmapImage(new Uri(uriStr, UriKind.Relative)); } public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
2.模板及窗体
<Window x:Class="TempaletPractise.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:TempaletPractise"
Title="汽车展览" Height="350" Width="623">
<Window.Resources>
<!--Converter-->
<local:AutomakerToLogoPathConverter x:Key="a2l"></local:AutomakerToLogoPathConverter>
<local:NameToPhotoPathConverter x:Key="n2p"></local:NameToPhotoPathConverter>
<!--Data Template for Detail View-->
<DataTemplate x:Key="carDetailViewTemplate">
<Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="6">
<StackPanel Margin="5">
<Image Width="400" Height="250" Source="{Binding Name, Converter={StaticResource n2p}}"></Image>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5,0">
<TextBlock Text="Name:" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="20"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="20" Margin="5,0"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5,0">
<TextBlock Text="Automaker" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Automaker}" Margin="5,0"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="Year" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Year}" Margin="5,0"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="Top Speed" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding TopSpeed}" Margin="5,0"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Border>
</DataTemplate>
<!--DataTemplate for Item View-->
<DataTemplate x:Key="carListItemViewTemplate">
<Grid Margin="2">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<Image Source="{Binding Automaker,Converter={StaticResource a2l}}"
Grid.RowSpan="3" Width="64" Height="64"></Image>
<StackPanel Margin="5,0">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Year}" FontSize="14"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</DataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<!--窗体的内容-->
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5">
<UserControl ContentTemplate="{StaticResource carDetailViewTemplate}"
Content="{Binding SelectedItem, ElementName=listBoxCars}"></UserControl>
<ListBox x:Name="listBoxCars" Width="180" Margin="5,0" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource carListItemViewTemplate}"></ListBox>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
3.指定数据源
private void InitialCarList()
{
List<Car> cars = new List<Car>()
{
new Car(){ Automaker="CADILLAC",Name="CADILLAC1",Year="1990",TopSpeed="340"},
new Car(){ Automaker="Ferrari",Name="Ferrari1",Year="1991",TopSpeed="350"},
new Car(){ Automaker="LAMBORGHINI",Name="LAMBORGHINI1",Year="1992",TopSpeed="360"},
new Car(){ Automaker="PORSCHE",Name="PORSCHE1",Year="1993",TopSpeed="370"}
};
this.listBoxCars.ItemsSource = cars;
}
参考 MSDN 《深入浅出WPF》第11章
ps.今天看到园子编辑推荐的一则新闻,Silverlight开始边缘化,从官方就开始不推了,不知道WPF的命运会怎样,在微软的大船上,只能跟着起伏,不过今天能从ASP.NET转WPF,明天也能从WPF转其他技术,我们从来就不怕这个,毕竟我们学过,想过,用过,他帮助过我们,每种技术都代表了一种思想,技术可以没落,思想却沉淀下来了。