1. 匹配单个字符和数字:
. --->> 匹配除换行符以外的任意字符。
[0123456789] --->> []字符集合,表示匹配方括号中所包含的任意一个字符。
[Thomas] --->> []字符集合,表示匹配方括号中所包含的任意一个字符。匹配‘T‘,‘h‘...任意一个字符。
[a-z] --->> - 匹配任意小写字母
[A-Z] --->> - 匹配任意大写字母
[0-9] --->> 匹配任意数字,类似于[0123456789]
[0-9a-zA-Z] --->> 匹配任意的数字和字母(包含大小写)
[0-9a-zA-Z_] --->> 匹配任意的数字和字母(包含大小写)和下划线
[^Thomas] --->> 匹配除了Thomas这几个字母以外的所有字符,中括号里面的^称为脱字符,表示不匹配集合中的字符。
[^0-9] --->> 匹配所有的非数字字符。
\d --->> 匹配数字,效果同[0-9]
\D --->> 匹配非数字字符,效果同[^0-9]
\w --->> 匹配数字,字母和下划线,效果同[0-9a-zA-Z_],判断标识符比较合适
\W --->> 匹配数字,字母和下划线,效果同[^0-9a-zA-Z_],判断标识符比较合适
\s --->> 匹配任意的空白符(空格,换行,回车,换页,制表),效果同[ \f\n\r\t]
\S --->> 匹配任意的非空白符(空格,换行,回车,换页,制表),效果同[^ \f\n\r\t]
print(re.search(".","Thomas is a good man")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘T‘> print(re.search("[0123456789]","Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(21, 22), match=‘7‘> print(re.search("[Thomas]","Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘T‘> print(re.search("[a-z]","Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(1, 2), match=‘h‘> print(re.search("[A-Z]","Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘T‘> print(re.search("[0-9]","Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(22, 23), match=‘7‘> print(re.search("[0-9a-zA-Z]","Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘T‘> print(re.search("[0-9a-zA-Z_]","_Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘_‘> print(re.search("[^Thomas]","_Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘_‘> print(re.search("[^0-9]","Thomas is a good man_ 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘T‘> print(re.search("\d","Thomas is a good man 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(21, 22), match=‘7‘> print(re.search("\w","_Thomas is a good man 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘_‘> print(re.search("\s","_Thomas is a good man 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(7, 8), match=‘ ‘>
2. 锚字符(边界字符):
^ --->> 行首匹配,和在[]里的^不是一个意思
$ --->> 行尾匹配
\A --->> 匹配字符串开始,它和^区别是:\Z只匹配整个字符的开头,即是re.M模式下也不会匹配它行的行首。
\Z --->> 匹配字符串结束,它和$区别是:\Z只匹配整个字符的开头,即是re.M模式下也不会匹配它行的行尾。
\b --->> 匹配单词的边界,也就是值单词和空格间的位置。r‘er\b‘:可以匹配never,不能匹配nerve,单词的边界。
\B --->> 匹配非单词的边界,也就是值单词和空格间的位置。
print(re.search("^Thomas","Thomas is a good man 7")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 6), match=‘Thomas‘> print(re.search("Thomas$","Thomas is a good man Thomas")) # <re.Match object; span=(21, 27), match=‘Thomas‘> print(re.findall("^Thomas","Thomas is a good man\nThomas is a nice man",re.M)) # [‘Thomas‘, ‘Thomas‘] print(re.findall("\AThomas","Thomas is a good man\nThomas is a nice man",re.M)) # [‘Thomas‘] print(re.findall("man$","Thomas is a good man\nThomas is a nice man",re.M)) # [‘man‘, ‘man‘] print(re.findall("man\Z","Thomas is a good man\nThomas is a nice man",re.M)) # [‘man‘] print(re.search(r"er\b","never")) # <re.Match object; span=(3, 5), match=‘er‘> print(re.search(r"er\b","nerve")) # None print(re.search(r"er\B","never")) # None print(re.search(r"er\B","nerve")) # <re.Match object; span=(1, 3), match=‘er‘>
3. 匹配多个字符:
说明:下方的x、y、z均为假设的普通字符,n、m是非负整数,不是正则表达式的元字符。
(xyz) --->> 匹配小括号内的xyz(作为一个整体去匹配)
x? --->> 匹配0个或者1个x。
x* --->> 匹配0个或者任意多个个x。(.* 表示匹配0个或者任意多个字符(换行符除外))
x+ --->> 匹配至少一个x
x{n} --->> 匹配确定n个x(n是一个非负整数)
x{n,} --->> 匹配至少n个x
x{n,m} --->> 匹配至少n个最多m个x,注意n<=m。
x|y --->> | 表示或,匹配的是x或y
print(re.findall(r"(Thomas)","Thomasgood is a good man,Thomas is a nice man")) # [‘Thomas‘, ‘Thomas‘] print(re.findall(r"o?","ooo")) # 非贪婪匹配(尽可能少的匹配) # [‘o‘, ‘o‘, ‘o‘, ‘‘] print(re.findall(r"o*","oooboo")) # 贪婪匹配(尽可能多的匹配) # [‘ooo‘, ‘‘, ‘oo‘, ‘‘] print(re.findall(r".*","oooboo")) # [‘oooboo‘, ‘‘] print(re.findall(r"o+","oooboo")) # [‘ooo‘, ‘oo‘] print(re.findall(r"o{2}","oooboo")) # [‘oo‘, ‘oo‘] print(re.findall(r"o{2,}","oooboo")) # 也是贪婪匹配 # [‘ooo‘, ‘oo‘] print(re.findall(r"a{3,6}","aaaabaaa")) # [‘aaaa‘, ‘aaa‘] # 最多6个也可以是4个 print(re.findall(r"((t|T)homas)","thomas--Thomas")) # [(‘thomas‘, ‘t‘), (‘Thomas‘, ‘T‘)] # 这是组 print(re.findall(r"(t|T)homas","thomas--Thomas")) # [‘t‘, ‘T‘]
# 需求,提取Thomas****man str = "Thomas is a good man!Thomas is a nice man!Thomas is a very handsome man" print(re.findall(r"Thomas.*?man",str)) # [‘Thomas is a good man‘, ‘Thomas is a nice man‘, ‘Thomas is a very handsome man‘]
4. 特殊形式:
*? +? ?? --->> 最小匹配,通常都是尽可能多的匹配,可以使用这种方式解决贪婪匹配。
(?:x) --->> 类似(xyz),单不表示一个组
# 注释:/* part1 */ /* part2 */ print(re.findall(r"//*.*?/*/",r"/* part1 */ /* part2 */")) # [‘/* part1 */‘, ‘/* part2 */‘]
5. 实例:
我们在回过头来解决那个电话号码的问题。
def checkPhone2(str): # 13912345678 pat = r"^1(([34578]\d)|(47))\d{8}$" res = re.match(pat,str) return res print(checkPhone2("13912345678")) # <re.Match object; span=(0, 11), match=‘13912345678‘> print(checkPhone2("139123456785")) # None print(checkPhone2("1391234a678")) # None print(checkPhone2("23912345678")) # None print(checkPhone2("19012345678")) # None
Python笔记_第四篇_高阶编程_正则表达式_2.正则表达式入门
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/noah0532/p/10906913.html